Fossil Monotomidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) from Laurasian Cretaceous amber
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Fossil Monotomidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) from Laurasian Cretaceous amber David Peris & Xavier Delclòs
Received: 22 October 2014 / Accepted: 13 February 2015 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2015
Abstract Three new species of root-eating beetle (Coleoptera: Monotomidae) in Cretaceous amber from Spain (Albian) and Myanmar (Cenomanian) are described. Rhizophtoma longus sp. nov. is a Spanish monotomid of the tribe Rhizophtomini, previously only known from Lebanese amber (Aptian). The Cretakarenniini tribe nov. is created to include the new species Cretakarenni birmanicus gen. et sp. nov., from Myanmar, and Cretakarenni hispanicus gen. et sp. nov., from Spain. These three new species, together with the previous fossil species known in this family, have a controversial set of characters that makes it extremely difficult to place them in any other extant group of Monotomidae. Fossil monotomids are not numerous, despite their early diverging placement among the cucujoid clade. An updated list of monotomid fossils is provided. The need to classify the new taxa and compare them with extant and extinct groups of Monotomidae is solved using a key for the subfamilies and tribes. Keywords Monotominae . Rhizophtomini . New tribe . New species . Spanish amber . Burmese amber Introduction Monotomidae (commonly named Broot-eating beetles^) are a small family of Coleoptera with 240 species belonging to 33 genera and are found in all zoogeographical regions of the D. Peris (*) : X. Delclòs Departament d’Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain e-mail: [email protected] D. Peris e-mail: [email protected] X. Delclòs e-mail: [email protected]
world (Bousquet 2010). The family was known under the name Rhizophagidae until Pakaluk et al. (1994) found that Monotomidae took priority. Historically, the two subfamilies (i.e. Rhizophaginae and Monotominae) that currently constitute the Monotomidae belonged to the Nitidulidae and Cucujidae, respectively. Crowson (1952) first established the Monotomidae, with a different classification of subfamilies that continued to change until a review by Sengupta (1988). He reviewed all genera and placed them into the present subfamilies Rhizophaginae for the genus Rhizophagus Herbst, 1793 and Monotominae for the remaining genera. After the exclusion of some genera from the family, Sengupta (1988) divided Monotominae into four tribes: Monotomini (Monotoma Herbst, 1793), Thionini (Thione Sharp, 1899 and Shoguna Lewis, 1884), Lenacini (Lenax Sharp, 1877) and Europini (remaining genera). This classification was followed during different reviews of the family (Lawrence and Newton 1995; Bousquet 2002) until Kirejtshuk et al. (2009) created the fossil subfamily Rhizophtominae for the fossil genus Rhizophtoma Kirejtshuk and Azar, 2009. This subfamily, however, was ranked as a tribe within the Monotominae by Bouchard et al. (2011). S
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