Fruit quality and biochemical characteristics of new early ripening apricots of Turkey
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Fruit quality and biochemical characteristics of new early ripening apricots of Turkey Çiğdem Çuhacı1 · Fırat Ege Karaat2 · Yılmaz Uğur3 · Selim Erdoğan4 · Bayram Murat Asma1 Received: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, the important fruit quality characteristics of 11 early ripening and promising apricot hybrids and reference cultivars recently developed in Turkey were analyzed. A large variation was observed between the genotypes in terms of fruit size (fruit weight ranged from 34.28 to 72.53 g). The total soluble solids which is one of the significant fruit quality parameters for the table apricots, was found between 10.07 and 18.27% and fruit flesh/kernel rate was between 9.6 and 18.42. Epicatechin, rutin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and β-carotene were found to be the highest bioactive compounds. A large variation was also determined among the genotypes in this regard. ABP-4-23 and ABP-7-12 apricot genotypes were rich with respect to catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, rutin and β-carotene. The highest catachin and epicatechin contents were obtained in ABP-4-23 (176.76 and 517.45 mg/kg, respectively). In terms of β-carotene ABP2-24 and ABP-1-18 presented the highest values (127.45 and 119.54 mg/kg, respectively). Fruit weight was found highly and positively correlated with kernel weight and total soluble solids (r = 0.65 and r = 0.61, respectively). Fruit weight was also found to be moderately correlated with rutin, quercetin, and β-carotene, while corrrelations was negative for rutin and β-carotene. Total acidity was moderately correlated with catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and β-carotene in positive way. Keywords Early · HPLC · Phenolics · Pomology · Prunus armeniaca L. · Ripening
Introduction Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a commercially important fruit grown in the Mediterranean and the Central Asian countries. The world fresh apricot production is 3.5 to 4 million tons, Turkey, Italy, Spain, France, Algeria, Uzbekistan, and Iran are the considerable apricot producing countries. Turkey is the country with the largest production of both fresh and dried apricot in the world [1]. The world apricot production is fairly low as compared with the other prunus species such as peach and plum, * Bayram Murat Asma [email protected] 1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkey
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
3
Apricot Research Institute, Malatya, Turkey
4
Department of Analiytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
though it is grown in the several areas of the world. Winter and late spring frosts, poor adaptation to the environmental conditions, drought, and infestation of pest and diseases are the biotic and abiotic factors limiting apricot production. A c
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