Future Arctic Field Notes from a World on the Edge
In one hundred years, or even fifty, the Arctic will look dramatically different than it does today. As polar ice retreats and animals and plants migrate northward, the arctic landscape is morphing into something new and very different from what it once w
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FUTURE ARCTIC Edward Struzik
Future Arctic
Future Arctic Field Notes from a World on the Edge
Edward Struzik
Washington | Covelo | London
Copyright © 2015 Edward Struzik All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 2000 M Street, NW, Suite 650, Washington, DC 20036 Island Press is a trademark of The Center for Resource Economics. Library of Congress Control Number: 2014948287 Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Keywords: Arctic Council, Peace-Athabasca delta, avian cholera, Bering Sea, British Columbia, cackling goose, Canada goose, caribou, Chinchaga fire, Chukchi Sea, Churchill, cod, Ellef Ringnes, Exxon Valdez, Greenland, grizzly bear, Hudson Bay, hybridization, Ice Age, Inuit, Mackenzie delta, narwhal, Norwegian Polar Institute, ocean current, orca, peregrine falcon, polar bear, salmon, Shishmaref, snow goose, snowy owl, Svalbard, Tuktoyaktuk, wolf, wood bison, Yukon Territory
To my wife, Julia, and to my children, Jacob and Sigrid, who have participated in a number of my Arctic expeditions. Those are the journeys north that I treasure most. To the people who live in the Arctic, my thanks for your hospitality and for sharing your insights.
Contents
Introduction Chapter 1:
1 Eight-Foot-Long Beavers, Scimitar Cats, and Woolly Mammoths: What the Past Tells Us about the Future Arctic
11
Chapter 2:
Oil and Ice
25
Chapter 3:
The Arctic Ocean: A Sleeping Giant Wakes Up
43
Chapter 4:
Stormy Arctic: The New Normal
59
Chapter 5:
The Arctic Melting Pot
75
Chapter 6:
Lords of the Arctic No More
89
Chapter 7:
Caribou at the Crossroads
109
Chapter 8:
Paradise Lost
129
Chapter 9:
Drill, Baby, Drill
143
Chapter 10: The Need for an Arctic Treaty
165
Chapter 11: Conclusion
181
Acknowledgments
195
About the Author
199
150
180
n tia eu Al
North Pacific
150
Islands
r il I Ku
PetropavlovskKamchatskiy
Bering Sea
Ocean
slands
Sakhalin
Okhotsk Oymyakon
Yu ko
60
Fairbanks
lyma R. Ko
a it
Whitehorse
UNI TED STATES n R.
Khabarovsk
Magadan
g S tr rin Be
Valdez
Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Anadyr’ Anchorage Providenlya Nome
50
Sea of Okhotsk Gulf of Alaska
JAPAN
Chukchi Pevek AR Cherskly CT Sea IC Yakutsk CI Barrow Wrangel R East Prudhoe Bay Island Verkhoyansk Siberian 120 Mackenzie Delta Sea Beaufort Sea Great Slave Great Bear Tuktoyaktuk Lake Lake Tiksi New Yellowknife Siberian Banks Ballast Brook Islands Athabasca Island Laptev Lake Victoria Sea Island Arctic Queen Borden Cambridge Island C A N A D A Bay Severnaya Ocean RUSSIA Elizabeth Ellef Ringnes Kangiqcliniq Zemlya Island Qausuittuq (Franklin Inlet) (Resolute) 90 W nisey R. 90 E Noril’sk Islands Ye North Hudson Ellesmere Repulse Pole Arctic Bay Island Dikson Bay Franz Bay Alert Josef Kara Baffin Qaanaaq Land Sea Island (Thule) Baffin Svalbard Nord Bay (NORWAY) Novaya Ob Zemlya Iqaluit
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