Gain-control technique in double-pass parallel hybrid fiber amplifier
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Gain‑control technique in double‑pass parallel hybrid fiber amplifier Mudhafar Hussein Ali1 · Fairuz Abdullah2 · Thamer Fahad Al‑Mashhadani3 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, the effect of gain control technique in double pass parallel hybrid fiber amplifier in terms of gain level as well as pump powers optimization are simulated using Optisystem and experimentally validated. An average gain level of 22.8 dB and overall gain variation of 3 dB within C and L band regions are achieved. The gain flatness bandwidth of 60 nm from 1530 to 1590 nm are obtained. A comparison with a single pass parallel hybrid fiber amplifier is presented. This comparison showed an average gain level of 38.5% higher than single pass-structure utilizing only 650 mW of Raman pump which is 18.7% lower. Keywords Double-pass · Parallel HFA · RFA · EDFA · Gain control
1 Introduction The combination between Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) and erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has produced a new generation of optical amplifier, called the hybrid fiber amplifier (HFA). The HFA were designed to enlarge the length of the optical span, supresses the nonlinearities fiber effects, improve the bandwidth of the EDFA, increase the overall gain flatness, and improve the pump efficiency (Ali et al. 2013; Seo et al. 2007) . Three main approaches were utilized in the structure of the HFA; serial HFA (SHFA) (Ali et al. 2015; Abdullah et al. 2018; Kumar and Goyal 2017), parallel HFA (PHFA) (Hsu et al. 2014; Liaw et al. 2008) and Combined Serial–Parallel Configuration (Abass et al. 2018a, b; Ali et al. 2019). In SHFA, the input signal experience two amplification stages using one single path, and the amplified signal of the first amplifier stage will be inserted as an input signal for the second amplifier stage. Even though such amplifier type has a high gain level in addition to an acceptable noise figure, there is still an issue in gain flatness. Masuda et. al. reported SHFA with a wide 3-dB gain-bandwidth of 76 nm (1531.5–1607.5 nm) and * Thamer Fahad Al‑Mashhadani [email protected] 1
Network Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Center for Photonic Technologies, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM‑UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Department of Electrical–Electronics Engineering, Ankara yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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gain-equalizer was used (Masuda et al. 1998). However, the authors used three amplification stages and five laser diodes as pumping sources, one unit to pump the EDFA and four units with different operating wavelengths to pump the RFA. Seo et.al. proposed a doublepass wideband SHFA, pumped by a Raman laser oscillating through a medium consisting of Erbium-doped fiber and dispersion compensating fiber in series (Seo et al. 2007). However, high pump power of 1.4
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