Gamma radiation effect on the midgut bacteria of Plodia interpunctella and its role in organic wastes biodegradation
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MINI-REVIEW
Gamma radiation effect on the midgut bacteria of Plodia interpunctella and its role in organic wastes biodegradation Eman A. Mahmoud 1
&
Ola E. A. Al-Hagar 2 & Mona F. Abd El-Aziz 3
Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract This paper focuses on some factors that affect the gut bacterial communities of Plodia interpunctella and their role in the removal of plastic polymer concentrations to make a clean environment. Counting of midgut bacteria from P. interpunctella reared on different diets exhibited that wheat bran gave a significantly higher number of colonies than other diets (84 × 102 CFU/gut). Histological midgut studies on control fully grown larvae showed different shapes of epithelial cells, elongated or pyramidal, and few numbers of oval regenerative cells. Various secretions are released from the apical margin of the cells. The peritrophic membrane cannot be detected and large numbers of bacteria occupied the midgut lumen. While, irradiated larvae with 250 Gy revealed sever damaged midgut cells, some cells appeared swollen and the others fused as heterogeneous mass. Besides, ruptured of peritrophic membrane and very reduction in the bacterial population were appeared in the lumen. In this respect, two bacterial isolates were isolated from the midgut larvae and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing with accession number NR 146667.2 and NR 112686.1, as Enterobacter tabaci strain YIM Hb-3(B1) and Bacillus subtilis subsp. Spizizenii strain NBRC 101239(B2), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed alterations in the polyethylene during 60 days of incubation. Two bacterial strains showed damaging effects on plastic including cavities and pits on the surface of plastic pieces increased with the time of treatment. Moreover, the formation of carbonyl groups was verified using a fourier transform infrared imaging microscope. Keywords Gamma irradiation . Midgut . Bacteria . Plodia interpunctella . Polymer biodegradation
Introduction Plodia interpunctella is a world-wide insect stored-products pest. It can infest a variety of products and is perhaps the most economically important insect pest of processed food (Fontenot et al. 2012). Infestations of P. interpunctella can cause direct product loss and indirect economic costs through pest control costs, quality losses, and consumer complaints (Phillips et al. 2000). Irradiation with gamma rays is one alternative method against stored product pests. Several reports
* Eman A. Mahmoud [email protected] 1
Biological Application Department, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
2
Plant Research Department, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
3
Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
showed that gamma irradiation can effectively control pests without detrimental effects to the commodity (Kader et al. 1984). Effects of gamma irradiation on all stages of P. interpunctella were extensively studied by (Abbas et al. 2011). The insect gu
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