Gap Detection Deficits in Chinchillas with Selective Carboplatin-Induced Inner Hair Cell Loss
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JARO (2020) DOI: 10.1007/s10162-020-00744-5 D 2020 Association for Research in Otolaryngology
Research Article
Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
Gap Detection Deficits in Chinchillas with Selective Carboplatin-Induced Inner Hair Cell Loss EDWARD LOBARINAS,1
RICHARD SALVI,2
AND
DALIAN DING2
1
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA 2
Center for Hearing and Deafness, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
Received: 4 October 2018; Accepted: 4 February 2020
ABSTRACT Temporal resolution is essential for processing complex auditory information such as speech. In hearing impaired persons, temporal resolution, often assessed by detection of brief gaps in continuous sound stimuli, is typically poorer than in individuals with normal hearing. At low stimulus presentation levels, hearing impaired individuals perform poorly but the deficits are greatly reduced when the sensation level of the stimuli are adjusted to match their normal hearing peers. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of selective inner hair cell loss on gap detection in chinchillas treated with carboplatin, an anticancer drug that selectively damages inner hair cells and afferents in this species. Treatment with carboplatininduced inner hair cell loss of ~ 70 % but had little effect on audiometric thresholds in quiet and produced no evidence of outer hair cell loss. In contrast, selective inner hair cell loss had a significant effect on gap detection ability across a wide range of presentation levels. These results suggest that gap detection tasks are more sensitive to inner hair cell pathology than audiometric thresholds. Keywords: inner hair cell loss, carboplatin, chinchilla, hidden hearing loss, gap detection, audiometry Abbreviations: ABR – Auditory brainstem response; CANS – Central auditory nervous system; BBN – Correspondence to: Edward Lobarinas & School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Callier Center for Communication Disorders & The University of Texas at Dallas & 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA. email: [email protected]
Broadband noise; dB – Decibel; IHC – Inner hair cell; OHC – Outer hair cell; SD – Standard deviation; SEM – Standard error of the mean; SPL – Sound pressure level; SDH – Succinate dehydrogenase
INTRODUCTION In mammals, hearing sensitivity depends on the normal function of two distinct sensory cell types in the cochlea. Inner hair cells (IHC) serve as the primary conduit of acoustic energy to the central auditory nervous system (CANS) via extensive connections with type-I afferents (9 90 %). In contrast, outer hair cells (OHC) are innervated by the remaining 10 % and there is no evidence that OHC transmit acoustic information to the CANS (Spoendlin 1975). OHC, however, are essential for low thresholds as these provide active cochlear amplification via electromotility (Allen 1980; Johnstone et al. 1986; Preyer and Gummer 1996) and pla
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