Gasification of Municipal Solid Wastes in Plasma Arc Medium
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Gasification of Municipal Solid Wastes in Plasma Arc Medium İbrahim Yayalık1 · Ahmet Koyun1 · Mesut Akgün2 Received: 30 December 2019 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Many thermal processes have been developed in order to eliminate the municipal solid wastes or produce energy from them. These processes include a wide range of applications from the simplest burning system to plasma gasification. Plasma gasification is based on re-forming of molecules after all molecules convert to smaller molecules or atoms at high temperatures. In this work, the production of fuel gas is aimed by plasma gasification of municipal solid wastes in high temperatures. Because of this, a plasma reactor of the capacity of 10 kg h−1 was designed which can gasify municipal solid wastes. Plasma gasification with and without steam and oxygen was performed in temperatures of 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1600 °C in the reactor. A gas mixture containing methane, ethane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and monoxide, whose content varies with temperature, was obtained. It was found that plasma gasification (or plasma pyrolysis, PG), plasma gasification with oxygen (PGO) and plasma gasification with steam (PGS) were more prone to CO formation. A gas product which was consisted of 95% CO between 1200 and 1400 °C was produced. It was observed that a gas with high energy capacity may be produced by feeding oxygen and steam into the entrance of the high temperature region of the reactor. Keywords Municipal solid wastes · Plasma gasification · Energy recovery · Waste removal
Introduction In the first decade of the twentieth century, municipal solid wastes (MSW) have been proposed to remove by burning in order to obtain energy, since they have consisted of organic matter at a high level and caused the contamination of environmental and underground water sources. Therefore, MSW has been burned at coal thermoelectric power plants. However, the burning of MSW was impossible directly because of their high moisture content. Even if they were burned after drying, high ash amounts and detrimental chimney emissions have appeared as a problem [1, 2].
* Mesut Akgün [email protected] 1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, Yıldız, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, No. 127, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing
Today, the amount of solid wastes generated has increased dramatically as parallel with increasing urbanization. Therefore, necessary to much more area for landfilling has been increased. However, spread of cities as far as landfilling areas with time also causes an increase in environmental problems. On the other hand, modernization and expansion of cities contribute to the serious increase of energy demands. It has become important to obtain this energy demand from the biomass in waste content in order to either profit from their
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