Genetic analysis of invasive populations of Ventenata dubia (Poaceae): an assessment of propagule pressure and pattern o
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Genetic analysis of invasive populations of Ventenata dubia (Poaceae): an assessment of propagule pressure and pattern of range expansion in the Western United States Inna Pervukhina-Smith . Rene´ F. H. Sforza . Massimo Cristofaro . James F. Smith . Stephen J. Novak
Received: 24 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Molecular markers prove to be an invaluable tool in assessing the introduction dynamics, pattern of range expansion, and population genetics of an invasive species. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. (Aveneae; ventenata) is a diploid, primarily selfpollinating, annual grass native to Eurasia and Northern Africa. The grass has a detailed herbarium collection history in the western United States since its discovery in eastern Washington in 1952. Genetic analysis of 51 invasive populations (1636 individuals) of V. dubia, coupled with historical records, suggests moderate propagule pressure from multiple introductions, followed by local or regional range expansion.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02341-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. I. Pervukhina-Smith J. F. Smith S. J. Novak (&) Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA e-mail: [email protected] R. F. H. Sforza European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 90013 Montferrier-sur-Lez, 34988 St. Ge´ly du Fesc Cedex, France M. Cristofaro Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency, ENEA – SSPT BIOAG-PROBIO, Rome, Italy
Allozyme analysis detected nine multilocus genotypes (MLGs) across eight western US states. A single MLG, referred to as the most common genotype, was detected in 37 of 51 (72.5%) invasive populations across all states. The other eight MLGs were generally found in fewer populations, with limited geographic distributions. Despite multiple introductions, invasive populations exhibit low levels of genetic admixture, low levels of genetic diversity within populations (A = 1.03, %P = 2.94, Hexp = 0.007) and high genetic differentiation among populations (GST=0.864). The apparent reduced evolutionary potential of most V. dubia populations did not preclude the initial establishment and rapid spread of this species across its new range in the western US. Keywords Admixture Allozymes Genetic diversity and structure Herbarium specimens Multilocus genotypes Multiple introductions
Introduction Due to the negative ecological consequences and high economic costs of invasive species (Pimentel et al. 2005; Simberloff et al. 2013; Gaertner et al. 2014; Bellard et al. 2016), the need for predicting which nonnative species will become invasive and which native communities will be invaded is of critical importance (Heger and Trepl 2003). As a result, an emerging
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