Geophysical and hydrogeological investigation for the saline water invasion in the coastal aquifers of West Bengal, Indi
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Geophysical and hydrogeological investigation for the saline water invasion in the coastal aquifers of West Bengal, India: a critical insight in the coastal saline clay–sand sediment system Prashant Kumar & Prarabdh Tiwari & Arkoprovo Biswas & Tapas Acharya Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 26 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The Digha–Shankarpur area in West Bengal suffers from the problem of saline water intrusion in the near-surface to shallow subsurface aquifers. In the present study, geophysical surveys were conducted and integrated with measured hydrogeological parameters to delineate the possible locations of saline water–invaded zones in the shallow aquifers. One hundred eighty-eight groundwater samples were collected, and parameters like salinity, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, temperature, and water level were measured. The geophysical survey, such as resistivity profiling, self-potential, and electrical resistivity imaging techniques, was applied. High TDS, salinity, and EC were observed in various places. Resistivity profiling survey indicates a low resistivity zone (< 10 Ωm), selfpotential anomaly indicates a positive anomaly and resistivity imaging survey indicated very low resistivity zones (0–3 Ωm) in near-surface to shallow subsurface locations which are concurrent with the other coastal aquifers in the eastern part of India. These low resistivity zones are P. Kumar : A. Biswas (*) Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] P. Tiwari Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India T. Acharya Department of Geology, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
interpreted as saline water intrusion zone mixed with clay/sand layers up to a depth of 15 m possibly due to the ingression of seawater and also due to anthropogenic activities. Hence, protection from seawater intrusion from the canals into the coastal aquifers (shallow and deep) and human-made activities should be restricted to minimize the effect of saline water pollution. Keywords Saline water intrusion . TDS . EC . Salinity . Resistivity . SP . ERI
Introduction The progress of fresh groundwater resources in the coastal aquifers is seriously disrupted by subtle and severe ingress of seawater. Coastal zones are the lifeline of any nation. They represent ‘ecological’ and ‘economic’ nerve centres and act as production grounds for coastal resources and landing sites for sea wealth. Yet, they remain under severe stress and exist as ‘environmental hot spots’ under the influence of different pushand-pull factors and forces (both natural and anthropogenic) that play foul over this region. The coast serves as the natural sink for land-based pollution, represents a zone of reworking of oceanic and terrestrial realms, and acts as a buffer for major sea-based catastrophes
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