Global air-sea surface carbon dioxide transfer velocity and flux estimated using 17 a altimeter data and a new algorithm
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Global air-sea surface carbon dioxide transfer velocity and flux estimated using 17 a altimeter data and a new algorithm YU Tan1,2,3,5,6 , HE Yijun3∗ , YAN Xiaohai4 1
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 4 Center for Remote Sensing, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA 5 Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Ocean Circulation and Waves (KLOCAW), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 6 College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China 2
Received 10 September 2012; accepted 27 December 2012 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract The global distributions of the air-sea CO2 transfer velocity and flux are retrieved from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason altimeter data from October 1992 to December 2009 using a combined algorithm. The 17 a average global, area-weighted, Schmidt number-corrected mean gas transfer velocity is 21.26 cm/h, and the full exploration of the uncertainty of this estimate awaits further data. The average total CO2 flux (calculated by carbon) from atmosphere to ocean during the 17 a was 2.58 Pg/a. The highest transfer velocity is in the circumpolar current area, because of constant high wind speeds and currents there. This results in strong CO2 fluxes. CO2 fluxes are strong but opposite direction in the equatorial east Pacific Ocean, because the air-sea CO2 partial pressure difference is the largest in the global oceans. The results differ from the previous studies calculated using the wind speed. It is demonstrated that the air-sea transfer velocity is very important for estimating air-sea CO2 flux. It is critical to have an accurate estimation for improving calculation of CO2 flux within climate change studies. Key words: altimeter, remote sensing, sea surface carbon dioxide transfer velocity, carbon dioxide flux Citation: Yu Tan, He Yijun, Yan Xiaohai. 2013. Global air-sea surface carbon dioxide transfer velocity and flux estimated using 17 a altimeter data and a new algorithm. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 32(10): 24-33, doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0362-9
pends on the air-sea boundary-layer process, i.e.,
1 Introduction It is well known that CO2 is the primary impact on global warming. An atmosphere CO2 concentration is increasing yearly, at an average annual rate of 1.9×10−6 between 1995 and 2005. A direct measurement indicates a continuous growth of 1.4×10−6 a−1 per year, corresponding to an increase in the atmospheric inventory of 3 Gt/a (IPCC, 2007). This inventory has recently been near 390×10−6 (http://www.esrl. noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/co2− data− mlo.html). The ocean has an important impact on the atmospheric CO2 budget. Approximately 60% of total CO2 emissions remain in the atmosphere and the rest are assumed to be sequestered in the oceans (about one thi
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