Grassland structure and function California annual grassland
The chapters in this volume are based on a opportumtles for studying the links between symposium, "California grasslands: structure abiotic and biotic components. and productivity", supported by the National The contributions in this volume illustrate Sci
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Tasks for vegetation science 20 Series Editors
HELMUT LIETH University of Osnabriick, F.R.G.
HAROLD A. MOONEY Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., U.S.A.
Grassland structure and function California annual grassland Edited by
L.F. Huenneke and H.A. Mooney
Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Grassland structure and ftmction. (Tasks for vegetation science ; 20) Includes bibliographies. 1. Grassland ecology--California. 1. Huenneke, ·L. F. II. Mooney, Harold A. III. Series. QHI05.C2G73 1988 574.5'2643'09794 88-9385
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7900-6 DOl: 978-94-009-3113-8
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-3113-8
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk, D. Reidel, and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
All Rights Reserved 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 1. Distribution and Regional Patterns of Californian Grasslands L.F. Huenneke 1.1 Grassland Distribution 1.2 Patch Size and Distribution 1.3 Species Distribution Within the Grassland 1.4 Summary 2. Characterization and Analysis of Abiotic Factors and Their Influences on Vegetation R.A. Evans and J.A. Young 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Microscale Weather 2.3 Edaphic Factors 2.4 Summary
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4 7 10 13 13 13 21 27
3. Sources of the Naturalized Grasses and Herbs in California H.G. Baker 3.1 Early History 3.2 Affinities of California Grasslands 3.3 Types of Grasslands 3.4 The Invaders 3.5 Desirable Future Study 3.6 Summary
29
4. Seed Production and Germination Dynamics in California Annual Grasslands J.A. Young and R.A. Evans 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Seed Production Dynamics 4.3 Seed Germination Dynamics 4.4 Summary
39
5. Phenology of California Grasslands N.R. Chiariello 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Climate 5.3 Germination 5.4 Vegetative Phase 5.5 Reproductive Phase 5.6 Biotic Interactions as Evolutionary Controls on Phenology 5.7 Phenological Ecotypes 5.8 Discussion
29 29 31 31 36 36
39 39 41 44 47 47 48 49 49 51 55 56 56
VI
6. Competitive Interactions in California Annual Grasslands K.J. Rice 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Patterns of Diversity and Considerations of Scale 6.3 Summary 7. Local Temporal and Spatial Structure J. W. Bartolome 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Temporal Variations 7.3 Spatial Variation 7.4 Summary 8. Comparative Ecology of Annual Grasses: Native Versus Californian Habitats and Population
