Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees Gae¨tane Le Provost . Isabelle Badenhausser . Cyrille Violle . Fabrice Requier . Marie D’Ottavio . Marilyn Roncoroni . Louis Gross . Nicolas Gross
Received: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Context Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a keycontributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. Objectives We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01141-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. G. Le Provost (&) I. Badenhausser M. D’Ottavio M. Roncoroni L. Gross Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chize´ UMR 7372, CNRS, Universite´ de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France e-mail: [email protected] G. Le Provost I. Badenhausser M. D’Ottavio M. Roncoroni L. Gross INRAE, USC 1339, Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chize´ UMR 7372, CNRS, Universite´ de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France G. Le Provost I. Badenhausser M. D’Ottavio M. Roncoroni L. Gross LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Se`vre », Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chize´ UMR 7372, CNRS, Universite´ de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. Methods We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant–bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. Results Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. G. Le Provost Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBIK-F, Senckenberg Gesellschaft fu¨r Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany I. Badenhausser INRAE, Unite´ de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies Plantes Fourrage`res, 86600 Lusignan, France C. Violle UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Vale´ry 3, 34293 Montpellier, France F. Requier Universite´ Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR E´volution, Ge´nomes, Comportement et E´cologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Landscape Ecol
However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of l
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