Intraspecific trait variability and genetic diversity in the adaptive strategies of serpentine and non-serpentine popula
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Intraspecific trait variability and genetic diversity in the adaptive strategies of serpentine and non-serpentine populations of Silene paradoxa L. Lorenzo Lazzaro & Ilaria Colzi & Daniele Ciampi & Cristina Gonnelli & Lorenzo Lastrucci & Nadia Bazihizina & Daniele Viciani & Andrea Coppi Received: 21 April 2020 / Revised: 23 November 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Aims We investigated whether individuals of Silene paradoxa L., grown in serpentine and non-serpentine soils, displayed variation in functional traits and adaptive strategies together with a differentiation of the gene pool. We hypothesised that individuals growing in serpentine sites may be exposed to a higher degree of stress, resulting in measurable differences in leaf traits and adaptive strategies, and as well that the differences in the soil type were associated with a genetic process of differentiation. Methods We analysed a specific set of leaf functional traits of populations of S. paradoxa grown on serpentine and non-serpentine soils. Furthermore, DNAfingerprinting techniques were used to further dissect the emergence of genetic processes of differentiation linked to the different soil types. Results We detected a relevant intraspecific trait variation in S. paradoxa, with the populations from serpentine sites significantly polarised towards the stresstolerant adaptive strategy. This polarisation came with a shift in gene pool selection, even if we did not detect Responsible Editor: Juan Barcelo. L. Lazzaro (*) : I. Colzi : D. Ciampi : C. Gonnelli : N. Bazihizina : D. Viciani : A. Coppi Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira, 4, Firenze 50121, Italy e-mail: [email protected] L. Lastrucci Natural History Museum, Botany, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
quantitative differences in the genetic diversity or evidence of genetic drift. Conclusions The results indicate that particular edaphic conditions acted on the selection of some regions of the species’ genome, independently of the site, with various portions of the genome being exclusive to or prevalent in the serpentine or non-serpentine populations. Keywords AFLP . CSR strategy . Leaf traits . Genetic structure . Loci under selective pressure . Serpentinophyte.
Introduction Different environments in natural landscapes can exert divergent selection on plant species (Sakaguchi et al. 2017). In particular, the type of substrate (i.e. soil type) is one of the most important factors of ecological pressure, which is often pivotal in plant species diversification (Rajakaruna 2018). Indeed, plants found on extreme substrates are ideal systems for investigating the complex interactions between environment/edaphic factors and species at microevolutionary scales, disentangling the factors shaping genetic variation across a landscape (Bragg et al. 2015). Serpentine outcrops are chemically extreme substrate, extraordinarily challenging for plant life, and considered to be real “ecological islands
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