Guide to Biometrics
In today’s globally connected world there is increasing interest in using biometrics (personal physical attributes such as fingerprints, facial images, voice patterns, iris codes, and hand geometry) for human verification, identification, and "scre
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Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Ruud M. Bolle Jonathan H. Connell Sharath Pankanti Nalini K. Ratha Andrew W. Senior
GUIDE TO BIOMETRICS
With 131 Illustrations
i
Springer
Ruud M. Bolle e-mail: [email protected] Jonathan H. Connell e-mail: [email protected] Sharath Pankanti [email protected] Nalini K. Ratha [email protected] Andrew W. Senior [email protected] IBM T.J. Watson Research Center 19 Skyline Drive Hawthorne, NY 10598
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guide to biometries / Ruud M. Bolle ... [et al.]. p. cm. - (Springer professional computing) 1. Biometrie identification. 2. Pattern recognition systems. 3. Identification-Automation. I. Bolle, Ruud. H. Series. TK7882.B56G85 2003 006.4-dc21 2003052962 ISBN 978-1-4419-2305-9 ISBN 978-1-4757-4036-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-4036-3 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally pub1ished by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc in 2004. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher Springer Science+Business Media, LLC , except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
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SPIN 10929483
Contents List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xxi
Foreword
xxv xxvii
Preface
I Basics of Biometrics
1
1 Introduction 1.1 Person authentieation, in general 1.2 A quick overview of biometries . 1.2.1 Biometrie identifiers . . . 1.2.2 Biometrie subsystems . . 1.2.3 System performance and design issues 1.2.4 Competing system design issues . 1.3 Biometrie identifieation . 1.4 Biometrie verifieation . . . 1.5 Biometrie enrollment . . . 1.6 Biometrie system seeurity .
3 4 6 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14
2
17
Authentication and Biometries 2.1 Secure authentieation protoeols . 2.2 Aeeess eontrol seeurity services 2.3 Authentieation methods . . . 2.4 Authentieation protoeols . . 2.5 Matching biometrie samples 2.5.1 Identifieation 2.5 .2 Screening .. .. . . . 2.5.3 Verifieation .. . . . . 2.5.4 Continuity of identity 2.6 Verifieation by humans . . . 2.7 Passwords versus biometries
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20 22 24 25 26 26 26 27
28 v
vi
CONTENTS
2.8
Hybrid methods . . .
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3 The Common Biometries 3.1 Fingerprint recognition 3.1.1 Acquisition devices . 3.1.2 Matching approaches. 3.1.3 Minutiae. 3.2 Face recognition . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Imaging........ 3.2.2 Local and global models 3.2.3 Challenges . . . . . . 3.3 Speaker recognition . . . . . 3.3.1 Application categories 3.3.2 Acoustic features. 3.4 Iris re
