Guidelines for navigation-assisted spine surgery

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GUIDELINE

Guidelines for navigation-assisted spine surgery ✉

Wei Tian ( )1,2, Bo Liu1, Da He1,2, Yajun Liu1,2, Xiaoguang Han1,2, Jingwei Zhao1,2, Mingxing Fan1,2; International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery 1

Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China; 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Robotic Orthopaedics, Beijing 100035, China

© Higher Education Press 2020

Abstract Spinal surgery is a technically demanding and challenging procedure because of the complicated anatomical structures of the spine and its proximity to several important tissues. Surgical landmarks and fluoroscopy have been used for pedicle screw insertion but are found to produce inaccuracies in placement. Improving the safety and accuracy of spinal surgery has increasingly become a clinical concern. Computerassisted navigation is an extension and application of precision medicine in orthopaedic surgery and has significantly improved the accuracy of spinal surgery. However, no clinical guidelines have been published for this relatively new and fast-growing technique, thus potentially limiting its adoption. In accordance with the consensus of consultant specialists, literature reviews, and our local experience, these guidelines include the basic concepts of the navigation system, workflow of navigation-assisted spinal surgery, some common pitfalls, and recommended solutions. This work helps to standardize navigation-assisted spinal surgery, improve its clinical efficiency and precision, and shorten the clinical learning curve. Keywords

guidelines; spine surgery; computer-assisted navigation

Introduction Owing to the complex morphology of the spine and its proximity to several significant tissues (such as the spinal cord and nerve roots), pedicle screw misplacement might lead to decreased stability and neurological, vascular, and visceral injuries [1–3]. Improving the safety and accuracy of spinal surgery has increasingly become a clinical concern. Since 1995, computer-assisted navigation has been used in spinal surgery [1] and has significantly improved its accuracy [2–7], reduced intraoperative radiation exposure [8–16], and improved the safety of minimally invasive spinal surgery [12,17–22]. Computer-assisted navigation is an extension and application of precision medicine in orthopaedic surgery. However, no clinical guidelines have been published for this new and fast-growing technique, thus potentially limiting its adoption. The International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery has invited experts to create appropriate guidelines based on recently published related studies.

The guidelines presented in this document should be interpreted as academic recommendations and are intended to help further discussions and guide field practices. Clinical decisions must be based on the specific situation of each patient.

1. Target group The target group for these guidelines comprises surgeons, technicians, and nurses involved in navigation-assisted spinal surgery.

2. Epidemiology Table 1 lists the