Herd-level risk factors for chronic pleurisy in finishing pigs: a case-control study
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Herd-level risk factors for chronic pleurisy in finishing pigs: a case-control study Outi Hälli* , Minna Haimi-Hakala, Claudio Oliviero and Mari Heinonen
Abstract Background: Chronic pleurisy is a common finding in slaughtered pigs in post-mortem meat inspection. The prevalence of pleurisy has been increasing during the last decade also in Finland. The aim of this prospective casecontrol study was to search for environmental, infectious and management-related herd-level risk factors for pleurisy in the slaughterhouse. Altogether 46 Finnish pig herds, including 25 control (low pleurisy prevalence in meat inspection) and 21 case (high pleurisy) herds, were enrolled in the study and visited during the tenth week of the rearing period of finishing pigs. Herd personnel were asked about basic herd information, management and environmental factors. Selected pigs were examined clinically, environmental parameters were measured and 15 blood samples per herd were taken during herd visits. Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia serotype 2 (APP2) and ApxIV toxin and swine influenza virus were measured. After the slaughter of study pigs, meat inspection results of the batch were gathered from slaughterhouses. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to identify possible risk factors for a herd to be a case herd (i.e. having high pleurisy values). Results: Finishing herd type and herd size were observed to act as risk factors. None of clinical signs of pigs, management-related factors or environmental measurements were associated with herd status. Conclusions: As previously known, in endemic and subclinical infections such as APP, herd factors are important, but detailed risk factors seem to be difficult to identify. Keywords: Pleurisy, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Swine influenza virus, Herd type, Meat inspection, Respiratory disease complex
Background Chronic pleurisy is a common finding in slaughtered pigs in post-mortem meat inspection. Pleurisy prevalence around 20% has been detected in several European countries [1–4]. In Finland, pleurisy prevalence in slaughter pigs has clearly been increasing during the last decade [5]. The registration of pleurisy has continuously increased also in a neighbouring country of Finland, Sweden, since the year 2000 [6]. Most studies investigating pleurisy have been done in countries with many possible pathogens present in the pig population. In Finland, the prevalence of porcine * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, FI-04920 Saarentaus, Finland
respiratory pathogens differs from the situation in continental Europe. The country has been free from Aujeszky disease virus (ADV), porcine respiratory corona virus (PRCV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) for decades and nearly free from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHyo). Porcine respiratory disease complex is a multifactorial syndrome with clinical signs caused usually by multiple microorg
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