Heterogeneous deformation of two-dimensional materials for emerging functionalities
- PDF / 1,816,717 Bytes
- 17 Pages / 584.957 x 782.986 pts Page_size
- 22 Downloads / 179 Views
FOCUS ISSUE
HETEROGENEITY IN 2D MATERIALS
Heterogeneous deformation of two-dimensional materials for emerging functionalities Jin Myung Kim1,a),c), Chullhee Cho2,c), Ezekiel Y. Hsieh2, SungWoo Nam3,b) 1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] c) These authors contributed equally to this work. 2
Received: 19 December 2019; accepted: 14 January 2020
Atomically thin 2D materials exhibit strong intralayer covalent bonding and weak interlayer van der Waals interactions, offering unique high in-plane strength and out-of-plane flexibility. While atom-thick nature of 2D materials may cause uncontrolled intrinsic/extrinsic deformation in multiple length scales, it also provides new opportunities for exploring coupling between heterogeneous deformations and emerging functionalities in controllable and scalable ways for electronic, optical, and optoelectronic applications. In this review, we discuss (i) the mechanical characteristics of 2D materials, (ii) uncontrolled inherent deformation and extrinsic heterogeneity present in 2D materials, (iii) experimental strategies for controlled heterogeneous deformation of 2D materials, (iv) 3D structure-induced novel functionalities via crumple/wrinkle structure or kirigami structures, and (v) heterogeneous strain-induced emerging functionalities in exciton and phase engineering. Overall, heterogeneous deformation offers unique advantages for 2D materials research by enabling spatial tunability of 2D materials’ interactions with photons, electrons, and molecules in a programmable and controlled manner.
Introduction: unique mechanical properties of 2D materials Materials can exhibit drastically different characteristics depending on the dimensionality of their crystal structures [1]. Distinct from both bulk (3D) materials and low-dimensional materials prepared traditionally by simply reducing the size of 3D materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit unique mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal characteristics because of quantum confinement effects and a lack of surface dangling bonds [2]. 2D materials are atomically thin, layered crystalline solids exhibiting intralayer covalent bonding and interlayer van der Waals interactions [3], offering high in-plane strength and out-of-plane flexibility. Thus, the unique characteristics of atomic thinness with high crystal and electronic quality in 2D materials show promise for exploring the coupling between mechanical deformations and emerging functionalities at the nanoscale such as electron transport, optical properties, and chemical phenomena.
ª Material
Data Loading...
