High aspect ratio cellulose nanofibrils from macroalgae Laminaria hyperborea cellulose extract via a zero-waste low ener
- PDF / 2,223,361 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 547.087 x 737.008 pts Page_size
- 31 Downloads / 157 Views
(0123456789().,-volV) ( 01234567 89().,-volV)
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
High aspect ratio cellulose nanofibrils from macroalgae Laminaria hyperborea cellulose extract via a zero-waste low energy process Amaka J. Onyianta Mark Dorris
. Dominic O’Rourke . Dongyang Sun . Carmen-Mihaela Popescu .
Received: 14 January 2020 / Accepted: 8 May 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Homogeneous high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared from Laminaria hyperborea (LH) seaweed cellulose without any initial mechanical, biological or chemical pre-treatments. Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry revealed that LH cellulose was of the cellulose Ia allomorph, typical of algal cellulose. Compared with wood derived CNF, significant enhancements in crystallinity, viscoelastic properties, water retention values (WRV) and morphological characteristics were identified with a single pass at 1 wt. % cellulose content through a high-pressure homogeniser. Further mechanical fibrillation did not lead to appreciable
improvements in material properties that would justify the added energy consumption, which at a single pass is at least a factor of 10 lower than with wood cellulose processing. Good quality CNFs with little compromise in material properties were also obtainable at 2–3 wt. % cellulose contents as identified from viscoelastic analysis, WRV and morphological analysis. LHCNFs also showed good thermal stability, which in summary presents a multifunctional high value cellulose nanomaterial that can find application in various fields.
A. J. Onyianta (&) D. O’Rourke D. Sun M. Dorris Nanomaterial Unit, School of Engineering and Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK e-mail: [email protected] D. O’Rourke e-mail: [email protected] D. Sun e-mail: [email protected] M. Dorris e-mail: [email protected] C.-M. Popescu Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania e-mail: [email protected]
123
Cellulose
Graphic abstract Single pass through a homogeniser
Pre-treatments • Mechanical • Chemical • Biological LH seaweed cellulose
Keywords Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) Algae cellulose CNF viscoelastic properties CNF morphological properties CNF water retention values CNF aspect ratios
Introduction The major source of cellulose for nanocellulose production is wood, amongst other sources such as plant biomass, bacteria, algae/macroalgae and tunicates. Wood cellulose is complexed with hemicellulose and lignin, which are embedded within the matrix (Chen 2014). Purity of the cellulose fraction is not necessarily a high priority for industrial use but may become an issue in biomedical applications (Lin and Dufresne 2014; Foster et al. 2018). For this reason, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), which is produced de novo from cultures of the bacterium, Gluconacetobacter xylinus, is preferred for biomedical applications because of its inherent purity (Lin and Dufresne 2014; Klemm et al. 2018). However, the cost of producing bacterial nanocellulose
Data Loading...
