High Effective Composite RGO/TiO 2 Photocatalysts to Degrade Isopropanol Pollutant in Semiconductor Industry

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ORIGINAL PAPER

High Effective Composite RGO/TiO2 Photocatalysts to Degrade Isopropanol Pollutant in Semiconductor Industry Yu‑Tang Lin1 · Chao‑Wei Huang2 · Yen‑Han Wang1 · Jeffrey C. S. Wu1 

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract This research focused on the photodegradation of aqueous isopropanol in the presence of RGO/TiO2 photocatalysts, which were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Under the irradiation of the simulated sunlight AM1.5G, the photocatalytic activity of isopropanol degradation was studied. In addition, various initial isopropanol concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm) were employed in the photocatalytic reaction. P25RGO-0.01% was found to give the highest isopropanol removal of 92.24% at the initial isopropanol concentrations of 20 ppm. Such optimal loading of reduced graphene oxide can act as an electron trapping to suppress the possibility of the recombination of electron–hole pairs. Additionally, acetone was verified to be one of the main in1termediate products. Moreover, it was found that the acidic condition was advantageous to photodegrade isopropanol because of favorable conditions for forming hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. The recyclability test was also verified by three sequent reactions and shown negligible decay of catalysts. This research demonstrated the feasibility of using photocatalysis to remove isopropanol wastewater in sunlight. Keywords  Photocatalysis · Titanium dioxide · Reduced graphene oxide · Isopropanol · Semiconductor wastewater

1 Introduction The semiconductor and photoelectric industry are significant and major manufacturing in Taiwan, and both industries are energy-intensive industries and water-intensive industries. Wastewater from semiconductor manufacturing is mainly divided into several parts, which are acidic and basic wastewater, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater, fluoride-containing wastewater, and organic wastewater [1]. Among the wastewater, organic wastewater plays a major role in an aquatic ecological system. It causes environmental hazards, for example, highly soluble oxygen consumption, acute toxicity, and worsening water quality [2]. Several methods, such as air stripping [3], evaporation [4], Fenton oxidation [5], supercritical water oxidation [6], and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatments [7], have * Jeffrey C. S. Wu [email protected] 1



Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan



Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan

2

been operated to remediated organic wastewater. However, all of those wastewater treatment techniques need additional energy consumption and chemicals, so they are not exactly economical and sustainable methods to deal with semiconductor wastewater. In recently, heterogeneous photocatalytic water treatment extensively attracts numerous attention due to the fact that it is a cost-effective and ecological way to remediat