High-Resolution Computed Tomography Evaluation of Interstitial Lung Disease for the Pulmonologist
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PULMONARY RADIOLOGY (M STEPHENS AND S KAPUR, SECTION EDITORS)
High-Resolution Computed Tomography Evaluation of Interstitial Lung Disease for the Pulmonologist Alan Nyquist 1
&
Raza Mushtaq 2 & Faryal Gill 2 & Kavitha Yaddanapudi 2
Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Interstitial lung disease encompasses variety of entities that have diverse clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment options. It is imperative to identify the specific disease early as delays in diagnosis can lead to irreversible damage. Studies demonstrate that treatment with certain medications and avoidance of exposures that potentiate injury can reduce disease progression. Recent Findings The use of high-resolution computed tomography has become essential for the evaluation of interstitial lung disease. Being able to accurately identify the characteristic patterns of abnormalities can lead to expedited diagnosis and has obviated the need of other diagnostic studies such as lung biopsy. Summary High-resolution computed tomography imaging of the chest has changed the approach to the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung diseases. Given the numerous entities that compose this group and options for individualized treatment plans, it is imperative for pulmonologists to recognize the defining imaging characteristics. Keywords Interstitial lung disease . High-resolution computed tomography . Usual interstitial pneumonia . Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia . Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia . Smoking-related interstitial lung disease
Introduction Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a wide variety of disease entities with different clinical presentations, characteristic CT (computed tomography) findings, disease progression, and treatments. With the advancements in imaging, the emphasis on pathologic tissues diagnosis has waned. Instead, a thorough history including time course of symptoms, This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pulmonary Radiology Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13665-020-00258-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Alan Nyquist [email protected] 1
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona / Banner University Medical Center, 1625 North Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
2
Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Arizona / Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
exposure history (occupational, environmental, and smoking for example), personal and family history of auto-immune and connective tissue disease, and findings on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of the chest can lead to a definitive diagnosis obviating the need for biopsy. This in turn can allow for practitioners to discuss with patients the expectations of disease progression, specific treatment regimens aimed at the precise disease, and overa
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