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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.31

High Temperature Organic Electronics Aristide Gumyusenge1 and Jianguo Mei1 1

Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

ABSTRACT The emerging breakthroughs in space exploration, smart textiles, and novel automobile designs have increased technological demand for high temperature electronics. In this snapshot review we first discuss the fundamental challenges in achieving electronic operation at elevated temperatures, briefly review current efforts in finding materials that can sustain extreme heat, and then highlight the emergence of organic semiconductors as a new class of materials with potential for high temperature electronics applications. Through an overview of the state-of-the art materials designs and processing methods, we will layout molecular design principles and fabrication strategies towards achieving thermally stable operation in organic electronics.

INTRODUCTION From daily appliances (ovens, cellphones, computers, etc), to vehicles, space shuttles, and oil drilling devices, electronics that must operate in harsh thermal conditions are needed.[1, 2] Unfortunately, the functional component in the building units i.e. semiconductors, are sensitive to temperature.[3, 4] For the ubiquitous silicon technology, the optimal operation temperature cannot exceed 80 °C. Beyond these conditions, the electronics begin to malfunction. For these reasons, most of the devices come with a cooling system and a large amount of insulating materials to maintain the temperature within the optimal operation range. Cooling and insulation, though efficient for devices such as cellphones and computers, become ineffective approaches for space shuttles and downhole drilling devices where weight is a crucial and costly parameter. Intrinsically thermally stable materials are ideal for these applications. This snapshot will first briefly discuss the limitations of existing semiconducting materials for high temperature operation, introduce the potential recently discovered in organic semiconductors, and highlight recent efforts towards stable operation in semiconducting polymers. We will

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layout key aspects towards achieving stability at high temperature in organic semiconductors by detailing materials design principles, processing routes, and device architectures suitable for thermally stable electronics. BACKGROUND AND CURRENT TECHNOLOGY Fundamentally, charge transport is a combination of temperature dependent processes: i) temperature-dependent charge carriers concentration; ii) the activation energy required to excite carriers into higher energy levels; iii) temperature-dependent delocalization of carriers; and the detrimental iv) temperature-induced lattice expansion