Histological study of resistant and susceptible chickpea
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Histological study of resistant and susceptible chickpea Poornima K. Narayana1 · Neetu S. Kushwah1 · Meenal Rathore1 · Alok Das1 · N. P. Singh1 Received: 6 July 2019 / Revised: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Differential response to biotic stress is an important characteristic of plants that has been harnessed for crop improvement through green revolution. The technique of microtomy was optimized in chickpea to aid in screening for disease tolerant cultivars through histological observations. The Fusarium wilt resistant cultivar WR315 was found to have higher vascular strands, a thicker cortex and lengthier phloem in the roots as compared to roots of susceptible cultivar JG62. On the other hand, lengthier xylem elements were observed in stem of JG62 that provides a congenial environment to pathogen for infection. These anatomical variations amongst resistant and susceptible cultivars of chickpea indicate that vascular architecture may serve as diagnostic markers for distinguishing and screening for Fusarium wilt in chickpea. Keywords Histology · Anatomy · Chickpea · Fusarium
Introduction Fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc) is the most important and challenging disease to manage among all the other diseases of chickpea. A major constraint to chickpea production worldwide, annual chickpea yield losses vary from 14 to 32% (Kumari and Khanna 2020), to complete destruction of the crop depending on the severity of infestation of soil and availability of optimum moisture and relative humidity (Suthar 2017). Screening of chickpea genotypes for wilt resistance has largely been done through field screening, pot screening and water culture screening technologies (Nene and Haware 1980). These techniques are tedious, time consuming, dependent upon prevailing environment and do not reveal * Poornima K. Narayana [email protected] Neetu S. Kushwah [email protected] Meenal Rathore [email protected] Alok Das [email protected] N. P. Singh [email protected] 1
Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
information at cellular level. The histological and cellular changes induced by oomycete in both chickpea seeds and leaflets with different levels of infection have been studied and described (Fierro-Corrales et al. 2015). The aims of this study were to morphologically characterize the species of Peronospora causing downy mildew in chickpea, and to describe the histological changes induced by the pathogen in chickpea seeds and leaf lets at different stages of infection. Istopathological techniques have been efficient in correlating the genetic variability in chickpea at the cellular level to diseases and are efficient, accurate, methodologies which are less complex. Identification and utilisation of these anatomical resources from germplasm lines, differential set and wild species along with mutants and somaclonal variants etc. have been the need of the day.
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