Holographic Two-Photon Polymerization Increases Speed of Switchable Gratings
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should be conducting because both have a surface state at the Fermi energy. The researchers concluded that a larger fraction of current runs in the space charge region for the microscopic probe, and that a larger fraction of current runs in the surface states. An estimate of the conductivity of the surface states can be deduced from the difference in conductance between the microprobe measurement and the theoretical prediction for band bending alone. The result is comparable more to conductivities for bulk materials such as bismuth. Since in this case the √3− ∩ √3− structure has no relationship with the metallic silver, it means that the conductivity result obtained is not due to a thin metallic film, but is an intrinsic property of the surface reconstruction. CLAUDIU MUNTELE
Holographic Two-Photon Polymerization Increases Speed of Switchable Gratings The fabrication of electrically switchable gratings consisting of periodic sheets of liquid crystal (LC) droplets and polymer has been reported by Senior Materials Research Engineer Timothy Bunning and his team from the Air Force Research Laboratory. These structures allow the rapid switching of information between two different states and thus possess great importance in the telecommunications, display, and computing industries. Gratings were fabricated by holographic two-photon induced photopolymerization (H-TPIP) of a homogeneous syrup mainly consisting of dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPHPA) monomer and liquid crystal molecules. The resulting periodic struc-
Alan Krauss passed away on June 26, 2000 after a courageous battle against cancer. He was a Senior Scientist and Group Leader at Argonne National Laboratory, where he had a distinguished career making major contributions to various interdisciplinary fields of research and technology development. Alan was one of those scientists who embodied a deep knowledge of several fields of research, which included ion and plasma interaction with solids and gases, materials science (including bulk materials and thin films), and the invention and development of unique instrumentation which made a critical impact on the advancement of materials, surface and thin film science. The experimental and theoretical work of Alan Krauss in these fields contributed to opening new avenues of research and to new technological developments. In this respect we can cite four major scientific and technological developments among Alan’s contributions. He helped develop the science and technology of unique alkali metal-based alloys, which made a major impact in the science and technology of fusion energy devices as well as on thin film-based cold cathodes for many important technologies such as field emission flat panel displays and high frequency devices. He was the co-developer of a unique microwave plasma technique to produce nanocrystalline diamond thin films. He made major contributions to the science and technology of multicomponent oxide thin films (e.g., high temperature superconductors and ferroelectrics), and he was a co-develo
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