Host-Parasite Interactions
Ontogeny and differentiation of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are currently subjects of intense research. The concept of the macrophage as “simple” phagocytic cell has undergone profound changes. It has now been established that this myeloid li
- PDF / 341,570 Bytes
- 22 Pages / 439.37 x 666.14 pts Page_size
- 105 Downloads / 205 Views
13
Heinrich Körner, Shanshan Hu, and Christian Bogdan
Abstract
Ontogeny and differentiation of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are currently subjects of intense research. The concept of the macrophage as “simple” phagocytic cell has undergone profound changes. It has now been established that this myeloid lineage of cells is phenotypically and functionally much more diverse and exerts a much wider influence on the immune response than previously thought. How have these new findings changed our perception of the role of monocytes and macrophages in parasitic diseases? There is now strong evidence that macrophages fulfill organ-specific differential functions, exert activating as well as inhibitory effects on the adaptive immune response, and exist in a whole range of different activation statuses which show a high degree of plasticity. In the present chapter, we will not only review the pertinent literature on these new developments but also bring it into relation to the anti-infectious immune response, focusing on four parasitic diseases (trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, malaria, and leishmaniasis) as examples.
H. Körner (*) • S. Hu Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Tasmania 7000, Australia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] C. Bogdan Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friederich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
© Springer-Verlag Wien 2016 J. Walochnik, M. Duchêne (eds.), Molecular Parasitology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1416-2_13
409
410
13.1
H. Körner et al.
Introduction
Metchnikoff’s seminal observations on phagocytosis and the inflammatory recruitment of macrophages first reported in 1884 are the starting point of the concept of natural cellular immunity according to which phagocytic cells play a protective role during the inflammatory response to pathogens (Metchnikoff 1902). Since then we have learned that macrophages belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) (Hume 2006; Van Furth et al. 1972), which contains different types of blood monocytes (classical, intermediate, and nonclassical) and a highly diverse set of tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. Furthermore, the function of MPS cells extends far beyond the uptake, killing, and digestion of microorganisms. In addition to their antimicrobial effector function, MPS cells are important sources of cytokines and other secretory products that activate lymphocytes and help to initiate immune responses (Nathan 1987, 2012). They can act as antigen-presenting cells and support the establishment of T-cell immunity (Martinez-Pomares and Gordon 2012; Roche and Furuta 2015; Savina and Amigorena 2007; Unanue 2002). As already recognized by Metchnikoff, macrophages are proficient in removing senescent as well as damaged cells which makes macrophages critical players in the process of tissue remodeling, repair, and healin
Data Loading...
