Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III
This is the third in a series of compendiums devoted to the subject of weld hot cracking. It contains 22 papers presented at the 3rd International Hot Cracking Workshop in Columbus, Ohio USA in March 2010. In the context of this workshop, the term “
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John Lippold · Thomas Böllinghaus · Carl E. Cross Editors
Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III
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Editors Prof. Dr. John Lippold The Ohio State University Dept. of Industrial, Welding, and Systems Engineering Arthur E. Adams Drive 1248 43221 Columbus, Ohio USA [email protected]
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Böllinghaus Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Carl E. Cross Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-16863-5 e-ISBN 978-3-642-16864-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011921710 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This conference and the proceedings are dedicated in memory of Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. E. h. Horst Herold, formerly of Magdeburg University in Germany. He was the “founding father” of the inaugural Hot Cracking Workshop and a co-editor of the first two proceedings. Prof. Herold was born in Leipzig in 1945. He graduated from Rostock University in 1969 as a Shipbuilding Engineer and in 1976 earned his Dr.-Ing. degree. From 1988 until his death in 2008, he was on the faculty of the University of Magdeburg in Germany. From 1988 to 2005 he served as the Director of the Institute of Joining and Beam Technology, and from 2006 to 2007 the Director of the Institute of Materials Joining Technology. Prof. Herold will be remembered as a kind and gentle person who had a passion for his profession. He has touched the lives of many and left us all the better for it. We will miss him as a friend and colleague.
Preface
The term “hot cracking” is generally used to describe cracking that occurs at elevated temperature and, in the context of materials joining, generally constitutes weld solidification cracking, and weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ) liquation cracking. Ductility-dip cracking can also be considered a “hot cracking” phenomenon, even though DDC occurs in the solid-state
