Hydrodynamic modelling and vulnerability analysis to assess flood risk in a dense Indian city using geospatial technique
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Hydrodynamic modelling and vulnerability analysis to assess flood risk in a dense Indian city using geospatial techniques Sutapa Bhattacharjee1 · Pramod Kumar2 · Praveen K. Thakur3 · Kshama Gupta2 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Urban flooding and waterlogging are causing menace in many cities around the world from the perspective of day-to-day functioning, health and hygiene, communication, and the consequent damages they cause to urban environment. The present study is an attempt to understand the urban flood risks in parts of Bhubaneswar City, India, based on its hydrodynamic set-up and level of urbanisation. The Storm Water Management Model is used for peak flow analysis, and the flooding extent has been assessed while taking into consideration the elevation, slope, land use/land cover (LULC) and design Storm Water Drain (SWD) infrastructure of the city. The micro-watersheds for each SWD are delineated using digital surface model derived from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data (1 m), and the LULC information is obtained from high-resolution optical remote sensing data. After the model simulation, it is estimated that peak runoff is relatively higher, i.e. 0.1–0.5 cumecs for a large number of micro-watersheds, even rising to more than 1.5 cumecs for some, indicating the severity of urban floods in the city. After integrating the simulated flooding pattern with the vulnerability associated with socio-economic characteristics of urban dwellers, the flood risk has been assessed. The study suggests that capacity of design SWD systems needs augmentation according to present and predicted flooding conditions for the city. Keywords Urban flood · SWMM · Hazard · Risk assessment
1 Introduction Urban areas being the economic, residential and functional hub in a region of any dimension hold tremendous significance while making them the epicentre of development. The scale at which an urban centre grows and caters to the society also poses a threat for the environment which sustains and nurtures it (Ioannides and Rossi-Hansberg 2005; Mills * Sutapa Bhattacharjee [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
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Urban and Regional Studies Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, India
3
Water Resources Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, India
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2007). The urban environment is becoming very vulnerable to even the common physical processes, or more so aggravates their impact leading to undesirable consequences, such as loss of green cover, urban floods, urban heat island, ecological disruptions, pollution in many spheres, etc. (Bornstein and Lin 2000; Mills 2007; Komeily and Srinivasan 2015; Ameen et al. 2015; De Risi 2020). The ‘risk factor’ involved in an urban system due to abnormality in natural processes, depends on the extent of susceptibility of city structure towards a particular hazard c
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