Identification and Determination of Epidermal Fatty Acids Extracted in Walterinnesia morgani (Elapidae) Using GC/FID
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Proc Zool Soc https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-020-00347-1
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Identification and Determination of Epidermal Fatty Acids Extracted in Walterinnesia morgani (Elapidae) Using GC/FID Hedieh Jafari1 • Farhad Frhangpazhouh2 • Parnian Kharazi3 • Sina Taghavi Moghadam1 • Fatemeh Salabi1 • Alireza Forouzan1
Received: 8 February 2020 / Revised: 9 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 Ó Zoological Society, Kolkata, India 2020
Abstract Walterinnesia morgani is one of the venomous snakes that localized in Khuzestan Province in southwestern of Iran, The epidermis of snakes is made of six epidermal layers termed oberhautchen, b, mesos a, lacunar, and clear, and have been shown to function as the main barrier to evaporative water loss and essential for life on dry land. Regarding the temperature of Khuzestan province and its high temperature, identification of fatty acids in W. morgani skin can help us to identify the adaptability of this species to temperature conditions. The present study skin lipids were analyzed by GC/FID and fatty acids identified in skin include: Octadecanoic acid, Linoleic acid, Tricosanoic acid, Cis-9-Oleic acid, Nervonic acid, Heptadecanoic acid, Palmitic acid and Cis-11-eicosenoic acid. The presence of these fatty acids in the W. morgani skin is effective in survival and tolerance in tropical weather conditions in Khuzestan province. Keywords Walterinnesia morgani Fatty acids Skin GC/FID
& Hedieh Jafari [email protected] 1
Department of Venomous Animal, Razi Vaccines and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3
Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Introduction Walterinnesia morgani (Elapidae), popularly known as ‘‘Black cobra, Naja morgan’’ is widely distributed throughout of Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey (Urfa), Kuwait and preys on small rodents and birds (Moradi et al. 2013; Rastegar-Pouyani et al. 2008). The skin of snakes, and more specifically the epidermis, consists of rigid scales and soft inter-scale regions, which together provide both mechanical resistance and flexibility. The epidermis of snakes is made of six epidermal layers termed oberhautchen, b, mesos a, lacunar, and clear, which are produced during the renewal phase of the epidermal (Klein and Gorb 2012; Landmann 1986). Mesos region or layer is transitional lipid-rich region between b-layer and a-layers. The a-layer and b-layer contain protein. Lipids, located primarily in the mesos layer of the epidermis, have been shown to function as the main barrier to evaporative water loss and essential for life on dry land (Jackson and Sharawy 1978; Ripamonti et al. 2009). Analysis of the epidermal lipids from snake, demonstrated the presence of phospholipids and cholesterol. The amount of lipid secretion depends on temperature, drastically changes among species living in
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