Implication of source models on tsunami wave simulations for 2004 (Mw 9.2) Sumatra earthquake
- PDF / 13,183,553 Bytes
- 26 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 1 Downloads / 182 Views
Implication of source models on tsunami wave simulations for 2004 (Mw 9.2) Sumatra earthquake J. Dhanya1 · S. T. G. Raghukanth1 Received: 8 October 2018 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This article addresses the effect of the rupture process on tsunami wave simulations by assessing the propagation of uncertainties from source to wave heights. Thirteen slip models available for the 2004 (Mw 9.2) Sumatra earthquake are utilized in the evaluation. First, quasi-static displacement of the ocean floor is estimated using Okada’s solutions. Further, the corresponding displacement time histories provided as an initial condition for tsunami simulations by modeling the region in Clawpack. The simulated results are compared against the four tidal-gauge data available in the east-coast of India and three altimeter recordings from satellites. The comparisons pointed to the sensitivity of simulated wave heights toward the input slip distribution and rupture process. Further, it is noted from the standard deviations estimated between the results of thirteen models that the value reduced from maximum slip (6.53 m) to displacement (2.60 m), which further reduces in the wave height estimates (1.70 m). Hence, this study suggests the need for proper quantification of the uncertainty propagation in tsunami hazard estimations. Keywords 2004 Sumatra earthquake · Rupture process · Tsunami wave heights · Uncertainty
1 Introduction The 2004 Sumatra mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami followed is one of the most devastating events in the recent history of South-Asia. The event caused a heavy toll loss of life and property to more than 14 countries along the Indian Ocean. This great event has triggered various seismograms across the world and many tidal gauges in the Indian Ocean. Post-event, with the available data, various researchers have explored the possible tectonic phenomenon that resulted in the aftermath of the earthquake. The event is reported as one with a slow rupture process taking almost 500 seconds for rupture of ∼1200km along Andaman trench (Guilbert et al. 2005). Further, tsunami wave simulations are performed to assess the propagation characteristics in terms of travel time and wave heights using an idealized slip model, without accounting for the randomness * J. Dhanya [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Natural Hazards
associated with the source (Titov et al. 2005; Murty et al. 2005; LeVeque et al. 2011). Additionally, the mapping of the damage caused by the event is assessed based on satellite imageries and is available in Yang et al. (2007), Belward et al. (2007), Koshimura et al. (2020). Furthermore, multi-sensor studies also provide insights into the variation of other meteorological parameters during the event (Singh et al. 2007; Yan et al. 2015). The satellite imageries are also utilized to assess the damages on the landmass and the built environment (Pesaresi et al. 2007; Kumar e
Data Loading...
