Improving manganese circular economy from cellulose by chelation with siderophores immobilized to magnetic microbeads
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Improving manganese circular economy from cellulose by chelation with siderophores immobilized to magnetic microbeads Peter M. Kunz1 · Kerstin Mörtter1 · Ralf Müller2 · Isabell Sommer1 · Philipp Weller2 · Jeff Wilkesman1,3 Received: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Manganese (Mn) contained in cellulose is partially responsible for an increased consumption of paper bleaching chemicals (like O2, H2O2), consequently diminishing the efficiency in pulp processing, darkening the pulp and deteriorating pulp quality. Usually, Mn in the paper industry is removed employing the environmentally critical EDTA. A greener alternative constitutes, however, the use of siderophores, high-affinity metal-chelating organic compounds that are produced by microorganisms to acquire metals (Fe and Mn among others), like desferrioxamine B (DFOB) or desferrioxamine E (DFOE). The use of native Mn-transporter proteins, like PratA, constitutes another possibility for Mn removal. The evaluation of utilizing siderophores or PratA for Mn removal from cellulose in a circular economy scheme is therefore essential. Firstly, Mn removal from cellulose was performed by immobilizing siderophores or PratA on magnetic beads (M-PVA C22). Secondly, the beads were incubated overnight with a 2% cellulose suspension, allowing Mn-ligand complex formation. Finally, cellulose suspensions were submitted for Mn quantification, employing either the TCPP [Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin] method, the PAN [1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol] method or the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). When non-immobilized ligands were employed, a 31% Mn removal was achieved; when using immobilized ligands, around 10% Mn removal was obtained. Treated and untreated cellulose was analyzed by SEM and the Mn distribution between the solid and liquid phase was parameterized using adsorption isotherm models. This novel greener method proved to be feasible and easy, leading to potential improvements in the paper industry. Next research steps are to optimize Mn removal and quantify Mn recovery after ligand decoupling before scaling-up. Keywords Circular economy · ICP-OES · Manganese · Siderophores
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1066 8-020-00962-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jeff Wilkesman [email protected]‑mannheim.de Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction Manganese (Mn) is among the main impurities that need to be removed from pulp. Peroxide treatment is generally present in modern bleaching sequences, needing a previous metal removal step from the pulp (viz. Mn, Fe and Cu). Mn(II) has a negative impact on the efficiency of bleaching with oxygen-based chemicals due to its decomposing effect through peroxide, worsening overall pulp quality and causing darkening of the pulp (Pinto et al. 2015). Removal of
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