In memory of Mikhail Mikhailovich Protod'yakonov (1874–1930)
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OF M I K H A I L
MIKHAILOVICH
PROTOD'YAKONOV
(18~4-1930)
A century has passed since the birth of the e m i n e n t mining Russian scientist M. M. Protod'yakonov. Mikhail Mikhailovich Protod'yakonov was born on October 5, 1874. He received secondary education at the schools in Ekaterinburg and Ufa. Having spent a year at St. Petersburg university, he took a second course at the Mining Institute, from which he graduated in 1899. Three days after receiving his diploma he was arrested for t a k ing part in revolutionary activity and accused of being involved in the "Union for the Straggle to Free the Working Class"; after release he remained under police supervision until 1904. During this period he worked in the Caucasus in the l e a d - s i l v e r mine of the Terskii Mining-Industrial Company. In 1904 he went to the Ekaterinoslav Mining Institute (then a mining college), where he did teaching and research, from where he was sent abroad. In 1908 he defended a thesis at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute on the theme of "Rock Pressure on Mine Supports" and was m a d e a professor-adjunct and l a t e r a full professor. From 1908 to 1914 he h e l p e d to c o m p i l e the m u l t i v o l u m e book "Description of the Donets Basin" and published a number of works on the analysis of mine supports, rock pressure, and rock hardness, laying the foundations of research in this field in Russian mining science. This work was broken off in the fourth y e a r owing to a serious i l l ness - tuberculosis of the spine and h e m i p l e g i a of the legs. On recovering, he continued his teaching and research at the Mid-Asian University at Tashkent, where he published a number of important works on rock pressure, m i n e supports, and standardization of mining operatigns. In his scientific research, Protod'yakonov paid special attention to rock pressure and associated work on the m e c h a n i c a l strength of rocks. In the e m p i r i c a l solution of problems of rock pressure, he was the first to introduce e l e m e n t s of theoretical calculations of rock pressure as a basis for engineering decisions. He proposed that rocks should be regarded as solid bodies divided by cracks, and therefore in a certain sense "granular"; he extended to rocks the properties of noncohesive bodies with an angle of internal friction and forces of internal cohesion, which together govern the coefficient of internal friction, which Protod'yakonov c a l l e d the "coefficient of hardness." This is a r e l a t i v e index of the resistance of a rock to the action of external m e c h a n i c a l forces, in-particular in the breakage of rocks during extraction, drilling, blasting, caving, pressure on supports, etc. He gave a scale of hardness c o e f ficients of rocks which is used by mining engineers to this day in calculations on various processes associated with the rnechanical properties of rocks. Protod'yakonov developed the "arch hypothesis" to determine the pressure of the rock on a support, and this enabled him to carry out engineering ca
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