In plain sight: implicit priming of patterns and faces using change symmetry
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
In plain sight: implicit priming of patterns and faces using change symmetry Aleksandar Aksentijevic1,2 · Finbar Duffy1 · Anja Mihailovic3 · Dragutin T. Mihailovic4 Received: 30 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Aksentijevic–Gibson complexity is an original complexity measure based on the amount of change in a string or 2D array that has been successfully implemented on data from psychology to physics. The key ingredient to computing the measure is a change symmetry (CS)—a novel form of structure (also known as generalised palindrome) which represents a central or mirror symmetry based on the redundant arrangement not of symbols but of changes. This results in patterns that although globally symmetrical do not appear as such when inspected locally. We used this property to (a) affect the registration of a target, (b) prime the symmetry judgment of 2D arrays and (c) faces using 1D patterns possessing change symmetry. In Experiment 2, we applied the lock and key principle to complete the prime without showing its structure at once. In Experiments 3 and 4, we presented subjects with fast sequences of CSs such that the configuration of an individual pattern was masked by the subsequent pattern leaving only the structural “essence” of the prime symmetry. The results strongly support the contention that higher-level hidden structure of change symmetry successfully primes the symmetry perception of 2D arrays as well as facial attractiveness.
Introduction The study of pattern structure has long been an important facet of psychological research. Issues of perceptual organization, structuring of information and mechanisms of structure processing have occupied researchers since the dawn of psychological science, especially in the context of experimental aesthetics (Fechner, 1876; Wundt, 1898). This line of research received a substantial impetus from the perspective of Gestalt psychology (e.g. Koffka, 1935), which focused on the relational aspects of perception and cognition. Somewhat later, the introduction of the Information theory (Shannon, 1948) revived interest in the relationship between pattern and information especially through the work of Attneave * Aleksandar Aksentijevic [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue, London SW154JD, UK
2
Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
3
Independent Researcher, Novi Sad, Serbia
4
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
(1954, 1959) and Garner (e.g. 1974). Introduction of statistical methods into the study of pattern structure offered a promise of precise quantification of structural relationships within a pattern. Despite substantial interest in psychological complexity starting in the 1950s, progress has been slow (see Luce, 2003; Simon, 1972 for reviews) principally because traditional methods fail to capture the structural/ relatio
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