In Vivo Assessment of the Efficiency of Systemic Delivery
While the characterization of the physicochemical properties of a nanocarrier as presented in Chap. 3 is crucial to the evaluation and subsequent optimization of the carrier performance, as the ultimate goal of the development of a carrier is to enhance
- PDF / 833,893 Bytes
- 34 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 99 Downloads / 184 Views
In Vivo Assessment of the Efficiency of Systemic Delivery V. K. Ameena Shirin, Renu Sankar, Sabna Kotta, and Kannissery Pramod
Abstract While the characterization of the physicochemical properties of a nanocarrier as presented in Chap. 3 is crucial to the evaluation and subsequent optimization of the carrier performance, as the ultimate goal of the development of a carrier is to enhance the efficiency of systemic delivery in a biological body, in vivo assessment of the carrier is unavoidable. In vivo assessment gives information about the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the agent administered. Over the years, many animal models have been used for studying the in vivo performance of a drug, which in this case is either a free drug or a drug that has been pre-loaded into a carrier. Rodents like rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits are the commonly used animals. Recently, zebrafish invertebrate models have also been established and used in in vivo studies. They are now used widely as a screening model to assess the in vivo performance of many drugs. Regarding the importance of in vivo assessment in the design and use of systemic delivery technologies in anti-aging medicine, in this chapter, we will describe the various in vivo techniques for the assessment of drug delivery. Keywords Bioavailability · Drug delivery · In vivo · Pharmacokinetics · Systemic · Zebrafish
V. K. Ameena Shirin and Renu Sankar: These authors have contributed equally to this chapter. V. K. Ameena Shirin · R. Sankar · K. Pramod (B) College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala 673008, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Kotta Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 W.-F. Lai (ed.), Systemic Delivery Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: Methods and Applications, Healthy Ageing and Longevity 13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54490-4_4
87
88
V. K. Ameena Shirin et al.
4.1 Introduction In vivo assessment includes experiments that are done in living organisms to determine the therapeutic, pharmacological, and toxicological effects of the drug. Usually, these studies are performed in animals including humans. Before a drug is made available in the market, the pharmacological and therapeutic efficacy of the drug should be monitored. Both clinical and preclinical studies are performed during drug discovery. The preclinical studies include both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies give limited information about the in vivo performance of the drug delivery and the interaction of the drug with organs and others. Hence, it is essential to perform the in vivo assessment of drugs. These studies give information about the mechanism of action of the drug, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the drug delivery systems. As far as the development of bodywide biogerontological intervention is concerned, in vivo assessment of systemic delivery is an important step. Bioavailabilit
Data Loading...
