Individual and community behavioral responses to natural disasters
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Individual and community behavioral responses to natural disasters Claude Berrebi1 · Ariel Karlinsky2,3 · Hanan Yonah1 Received: 13 November 2019 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract How do people and communities respond to catastrophes? A natural disaster is a type of external, quasi-random and unexpected catastrophic shock that generates psychological, social and economic implications. Using detailed county level administrative data of charitable contributions, crime and natural hazards in the USA in the recent decade, we empirically identify and quantify the causal effect of natural disasters on prosocial and antisocial behavioral reactions. Our main finding is that while monetary contributions decline in the local affected community in the aftermath of natural disasters, the neighboring and more distant communities react by increasing their charitable giving. Additionally, we find that in the affected community, natural disasters effect crime negatively, dispelling popular conceptions regarding looting, and that while federal assistance crowds out charitable contributions, it does not change the residents reaction to natural disasters. Keywords Natural hazards · Charitable giving · Crime · Panel data · Natural disasters · Philanthropy · Prosocial behavior · Antisocial behavior · United States
1 Introduction Between 2004 and 2015, over 10,000 natural disasters of different intensities occurred in the USA and claimed more than 8300 lives, caused more than 46,500 injuries and created property damages estimated at more than 100 billion dollars (in 2015 dollars). Natural Authors are listed alphabetically. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1106 9-020-04365-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Claude Berrebi [email protected] Ariel Karlinsky [email protected] 1
Federmann School of Public Policy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
2
Department of Economics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
3
Kohelet Economic Forum, Jerusalem, Israel
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Natural Hazards
disasters, like mass shootings and terror attacks (i.e., extreme stress events), are a type of external, random and unpredictable shock that have a psychological, social and economic impact, generating fear and stress. Natural disasters often occur in a geographically constricted area and claim a physical price that creates an emotional shock and economic instability among individuals who are exposed to the traumatic event.1 Following natural disasters, many regions face substantial loss of wealth, infrastructure, physical and ecosystem damages that affect local administration, governmental and public institutions, as well as individuals and households. Following disasters, a loss of important attachments and deterioration of social and community resources are common (Bonanno et al. 2010). Cutter (2016) emphasized the importance of social ca
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