Influence of Moisture Stress on Growth, Development, Physiological Process and Quality of Fruits and Vegetables and Its
According to world estimates, only 9 % of the area is conducive for crop production. Abiotic stresses like temperature, water, radiation and hazardous chemicals/pollutants are responsible for major reduction in agricultural production. Fruits and vegetabl
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Abstract
According to world estimates, only 9 % of the area is conducive for crop production. Abiotic stresses like temperature, water, radiation and hazardous chemicals/pollutants are responsible for major reduction in agricultural production. Fruits and vegetables can be potentially exposed to numerous abiotic stresses during production and distribution. Water, an integral part of living systems, is ecologically important because it is a major force in shaping climatic patterns and is biochemically important because it is a necessary component in physiological processes. Plant acclimation to drought stress depends on the process like osmotic adjustment and osmoregulation. Among hydrophilic proteins, several LEA proteins including dehydrins accumulate in various plant parts during the process of osmotic adjustment. ABA signalling pathway plays a vital role in plant stress responses. Moisture stress has also been shown to induce phenolic accumulation through up-regulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and proline accumulation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increase when plants are exposed to abiotic stress conditions. Carbon metabolism and the levels of specific sugars are severely affected by abiotic stress. Deficit irrigation (DI) has effects on fruit maturation and ripening. Shallow-rooted vegetables are known to be sensitive to water deficiency. Some of the basic methods to collect and conserve water are harvesting of rainwater, development of catchment area and storing runoff water for recycling and construction of waterways. Crop rotation, conservation agriculture, cover crops, strip cropping, mulching, contour bunds, contour drains, terraces, contour furrow, stabilisation structures, soil conservation and water retention through use of vegetation are some of the agronomical measures used to conserve moisture. Systems biology approach which integrates the series of -omics, i.e. phenomics, genomics,
P.S. Kumar (*) P.S. Minhas V. Govindasamy R.L. Choudhary National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra, India e-mail: [email protected] R.K. Gaur and P. Sharma (eds.), Approaches to Plant Stress and their Management, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-1620-9_7, # Springer India 2014
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transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, is getting roots on moisture stress alleviation and evolving new breeding strategies. Growth regulator applications can also potentially enhance stress resistance. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi (mycorrhizae) can facilitate plant growth directly by facilitating the uptake of nutrients from the environment, by influencing phytohormone production and by enzymatic lowering of plant ethylene levels.
Keywords
Fruits Vegetables Systems biology
Introduction Since more than 1,000 years ago, research on evolution has furnished abundant experimental evidence on how the genetic variability of organisms (Perezdela 2004) and the selectivity of environmental influences could have led to the
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