Influence of processing time on physical and mechanical properties of composite boards made of recycled multilayer conta
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Influence of processing time on physical and mechanical properties of composite boards made of recycled multilayer containers and HDPE Francisco J. Aranda‑García1 · Maria M. González‑Pérez2 · Jorge R. Robledo‑Ortíz2 · César Sedano‑de la Rosa1 · Karlos Espinoza1 · Daniel E. Ramírez‑Arreola1,3 Received: 19 September 2019 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, the main processing and formulation factors that affect the performance of panels manufactured with postconsumer TetraPak® and high-density polyethylene compounds were analyzed. The water uptake of the materials during immersion was also studied to identify the limitations on the application of this compound. Before obtaining the boards, the raw material was ground until flakes, and then blended varying the amount of high-density polyethylene added to the TetraPak® from 5 to 20 wt%. The boards were obtained by thermo-compression and tested according to ASTM standards. The results show that mechanical strength depends more on the pressing time than formulation. On the other hand, the specimens tested by immersion in water for 17 days exhibited water absorption of 60 wt% about its dry weight. Even with this amount of humidity, its structural stability was not compromised. Keywords HDPE-TetraPak waste · Mechanical properties · Moisture absorption · Processing time · Recycled multilayer containers
Introduction TetraPak® (TP) packaging system is used worldwide for delivery and safe packaging of food products due to its storage capacity without refrigeration [1]. These containers are composed of three materials organized in six layers [2–5]: paper (75 wt%), low-density polyethylene (LDPE, 20 wt%), and aluminum (5 wt%). All these layers prevent contact of the product against the external environment, ensuring longtime preservation. In this sense, paper layers provide structural stability and mechanical strength. Polyethylene avoids * Daniel E. Ramírez‑Arreola [email protected] 1
Departamento de Ingenierías, Centro Universitario de La Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Independencia Nacional # 151, 48900 Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico
2
Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas E Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara‑Nogales km. 15.5, Las Agujas, 45510 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
3
Instituto Transdisciplinario de Investigación y Servicios, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas E Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Parres Arias 5, Industrial Los Belenes, 45150 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
contact of the packaged product with aluminum, ensuring food protection and promoting adherence between layers. Aluminum keeps the light and oxygen out, as well as the loss of aromas. In 2016, more than 188,000 million TP packages were produced and distributed worldwide [6]. In Mexico, there is an estimated consumption of 19 million TP containers daily [7]. TP is one of the most common materials i
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