Influences of different barrier films on microstructures and electrical properties of Bi 2 Te 3 -based joints
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Influences of different barrier films on microstructures and electrical properties of Bi2Te3‑based joints Jinxuan Cheng1 · Xiaowu Hu1 · Qinglin Li2 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Diffusion barrier film was strongly proposed to utilize in Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric (TE) module. However, effects of different barriers on microstructures of solder joints and electrical properties of TE modules were still unclear, which were vital in practical applications. In current work, Bi2Te3-based TE modules without barrier (TM), with Ni (TMNi) and with Ni/Au (TMNi/Au) were fabricated via reflow-soldering. Experimental results revealed that at the interface between SAC305 solder and P- or N- type B i2Te3 sample, the Ni or Ni/Au barrier could efficiently inhibit severe growth of the intermetallic compound (IMC) phase. Remarkably, a thinner IMC layer was observed at the solder/Au/Ni/Bi2Te3 interface, which was attributed to effects of Au elements on suppressing the formation of IMCs. The results of power generation ability test revealed that TMNi exhibited higher value of output power (P) under the temperature difference (ΔT) due to its higher values of open circuit voltage (V) and output current (I). On the other hand, since the lowest electrical resistance (R) and relatively low output current of TMNi/Au were measured during the test, the TMNi/Au was suggested to generate less heat, meaning it consumed less energy, and hence be theoretically more efficient in improving the conversion efficiency.
1 Introduction For sake of environmental protection, the massive use of nonrenewable sources, such as coal, natural gas and oil, was gradually reduced with the rapid development of green technology [1–3]. Significantly, exploiting renewable and eco-friendly energy was one of the highly important and necessary methods. As a promising solution, developing thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which could harvest the thermal energy scavenged from many abandoned sources and convert it into electricity, has attracted widespread concern [4–8]. Hence, plenty of exploration projects on designing and improving TE devices were carried out in research works [9–15]. For instance, Torfs et al. have invented an autonomous wearable pulse oximeter, which was operated by the BiTe-based TE system and could efficiently control oxygen saturation under the temperature difference between * Xiaowu Hu [email protected] 1
School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
2
the body surface and ambient temperature [16]. And in the medical field, Jaziri et al. have presented a TEG model to ideally replace the implantable common medical devices whereas the task of maintaining the rechargeable batteries was arduous and time-consuming [17]. Moreover, some autom
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