Inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts from Anabaena minutissima , Ecklonia maxima and Jania adhaerens on the cucumber
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Inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts from Anabaena minutissima, Ecklonia maxima and Jania adhaerens on the cucumber powdery mildew pathogen in vitro and in vivo Hillary Righini 1 & Annalisa Somma 1 & Silvia Cetrullo 2 Antera Martel Quintana 3 & Roberta Roberti 1
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Stefania D’Adamo 2
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Flavio Flamigni 2
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Received: 10 February 2020 / Revised and accepted: 19 May 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Aqueous extracts from Anabaena minutissima BEA 0300B (ANA), Ecklonia maxima (ECK) and Jania adhaerens (JAN) were evaluated for their antifungal effect against powdery mildew disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii on cucumber detached cotyledons and seedlings. All the extracts were sprayed on detached cotyledons at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg dry biomass mL−1 water and those of ANA and JAN at 5.0 and 10.0 mg mL−1 on seedlings before pathogen challenge (106 spores mL−1). ANA and JAN at 5.0 and 10.0 mg mL−1 reduced infected area and fungal sporulation on both detached cotyledons and seedlings. ANA and JAN at 5.0 and 10.0 mg mL−1 were also evaluated for their elicitation of seedling defence responses, 1, 2 and 3 days before P. xanthii inoculation. Treatments reduced disease symptoms depending on extract, concentration and application time. Both extracts differentially induced the expression of PR genes, which may have concurred to pathogen control. At all times, ANA mainly induced AePR3 and PR1 genes, at 5.0 and 10.0 mg mL−1, respectively, while JAN mainly induced AePR3 and PR4 at 5.0 mg mL−1. This suggests that both ANA and JAN activated the expression of genes within the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathway. Proteins, phycobiliproteins, chlorophylls, carotenoids and antioxidant activities determined in the extracts could be involved in the antifungal effect or induction of plant systemic resistance. These results demonstrate that aqueous extracts from algae and cyanobacteria may be considered for further studies as a bio-based strategy for sustainable disease management. Keywords Aqueous extracts . Cyanobacteria . Algae . Antifungal activity . Biocontrol . Plant-induced resistance
Introduction The use of natural compounds is recommended for plant disease control because of the increasing demand by consumers for safe food with low levels of synthetic pesticide residues. The use of natural alternatives wherever possible is a preferred approach to control plant pathogens and to enhance food safety, which have been encouraged by the EC Regulation No. 1107/2009 and by the European Directive 128/2009/EC. * Roberta Roberti [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Banco Español de Algas, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, 35214 Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
These laws seek to promote sustainable agriculture. Algae and cyanobacteria are nat
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