Inkjet-printed silver nanoparticles on nano-engineered cellulose films for electrically conducting structures and organi
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RESEARCH PAPER
Inkjet-printed silver nanoparticles on nano-engineered cellulose films for electrically conducting structures and organic transistors: concept and challenges Gary Chinga-Carrasco • Daniel Tobjo¨rk ¨ sterbacka Ronald O
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Received: 18 May 2012 / Accepted: 22 September 2012 / Published online: 2 October 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract This study explores the suitability of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films as a substrate for printing electrically conductive structures and multilayer electronic structures such as organic field effect transistors. Various MFC qualities were tested, including mechanically produced MFC, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl pre-treated MFC and carboxymethylated-MFC. The films differed significantly with respect to the surface structure. In addition, the carboxymethylated-MFC films were surface modified with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) to reduce the water-wettability of the films, and thus, improve the print resolution of the inkjet-printed silver (Ag) nanoparticles. The Ag-particles (diameter \ 50 nm) were printed on the HMDS-modified films, which were mainly composed of nanofibrils with diameters \20 nm. The effect of surface roughness and surface chemical characteristics on the ink spreading and print resolution of the Ag-structures was explored. It was demonstrated that organic transistors operating at low voltages can be fabricated on nano-engineered MFC films.
G. Chinga-Carrasco (&) Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway e-mail: [email protected] ¨ sterbacka D. Tobjo¨rk R. O Physics, Department of Natural Sciences and Center for ˚ bo Akademi University, Functional Materials, A Porthansgatan 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
Keywords Nanoparticles Polymers Porous materials Cellulose Films Barriers Characterization Surface modification Organic transistors
Introduction Production and novel applications of MFC films Several applications have been foreseen for microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), including as a barrier material for packaging applications (Syverud and Stenius 2009; Fukuzumi et al. 2009; Rodionova et al. 2011; Aulin et al. 2010a, b; Siro´ et al. 2011; ChingaCarrasco and Syverud 2012), strength enhancer in paper (Ahola et al. 2008; Eriksen et al. 2008; Mo¨rseburg and Chinga-Carrasco 2009), stabilizer of emulsions (Xhanari et al. 2011; Lif et al. 2010), structures with high toughness (Henriksson et al. 2008), macro-porous structures for medical applications (Syverud et al. 2011), hydro- and aerogels (Aulin et al. 2010a, b; Abe and Yano 2011), and nanocomposite materials (Siro´ and Plackett 2010; Eichhorn et al. 2010). The structure of films made of MFC depends on the corresponding MFC quality, i.e., how fibrillated the material is. MFC is composed of multiscale structures, including fiber fragments in the micrometer scale and nanofibrils with diameters \100 nm and lengths in the
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micrometer scale (Chinga-Carrasco 2011). MFC materials with h
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