Integration between morphometric parameters, hydrologic model, and geo-informatics techniques for estimating WADI runoff
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Integration between morphometric parameters, hydrologic model, and geo-informatics techniques for estimating WADI runoff (case study WADI HALYAH—Saudi Arabia) Jalal Basahi 1 & Milad Masoud 1,2 & Syed Zaidi 1
Received: 12 January 2016 / Accepted: 18 August 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016
Abstract In arid and semiarid areas, the only surface and groundwater recharge source is the runoff generated through flash floods. Lack of hydrological data in such areas makes runoff estimation extremely complicated. Flash floods are considered catastrophic phenomena posing a major hazardous threat to cities, villages, and their infrastructures. The objective of this study is to assess the flash flood hazard and runoff in Wadi Halyah and its sub-basins. Integration of morphometric parameters, geo-informatics, and hydrological models has been done to overcome the challenge of scarcity of data. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) data was used to prepare a digital elevation model (DEM) with 30-m resolution, and geographical information system (GIS) was used in the evaluation of network, geometry, texture, and relief features of the morphometric parameters. Thirty-eight morphometric parameters were estimated and have been linked together for producing nine effective parameters for evaluation of the flash flood hazard in the study basin. Flash flood hazard in Wadi Halyah and its sub-basins was identified and grouped into three classes depending on nine
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Water Resources in Arid Areas * Milad Masoud [email protected] Jalal Basahi [email protected] Syed Zaidi [email protected] 1
Water Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
2
Hydrology Department, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
effective parameters directly influencing the flood prone areas. Calculated runoff volume of Wadi Halyah ranges from 26.7 × 106 to 111.4 × 106 m3 with an inundation area of 15 and 27 km2 at return periods of 5 and 100 years, respectively. Mathematical relationships among rainfall depth, runoff volume, infiltration losses, and rainfall excess demonstrate a strong directly proportional relationships with correlation coefficient of about 0.99. Keywords Watershed . Morphometric . Flash flood . Hydrology . Model . HEC HMS
Introduction In different parts of the world, conventional geomorphologic approaches have been used to study the morphometric parameters of a drainage basin (Horton 1932 1945; Strahler 1964; Rudriaih et al. 2008; Nageswararao et al. 2010 and Al Saud 2009). Excessive rainfalls in arid and semi-arid lands cause flash floods which bring loss to human life and property. Flash flood evaluation is a significant practice yet it is a hard task. Scarcity of hydrological data is the main challenge we face while evaluating flash floods in arid regions. Rainfall-runoff modeling has key importance for development sustainability of water resources and for flooddrought mitigation. Rainfall and runoff data
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