Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 6th Pacific Rim Inter

Five years ago, with excitement and uncertainty, we witnessed the birth of PRIMA (Paci?c Rim International Workshop on Multi-Agents). The ?rst PRIMA in 1998 has now grown into PRIMA 2003, the 6th Paci?c Rim Inter- tional Workshop on Multi-Agents in Seoul,

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Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science

2891

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Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo

Jaeho Lee Mike Barley (Eds.)

Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 6th Pacific Rim International Workshop on Multi-Agents, PRIMA 2003 Seoul, Korea, November 7-8, 2003 Proceedings

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Series Editors Jaime G. Carbonell, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA J¨org Siekmann, University of Saarland, Saarbr¨ucken, Germany Volume Editors Jaeho Lee University of Seoul Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 90 Cheonnong-dong, Tongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Korea E-mail: [email protected] Mike Barley University of Auckland Department of Computer Science Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand E-mail: [email protected]

Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek. Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at .

CR Subject Classification (1998): I.2.11, I.2, C.2.4, D.2, F.3 ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 3-540-20460-1 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag is a member of Springer Science+Business Media GmbH springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by PTP-Berlin, Protago-TeX-Production GmbH Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10969090 06/3142 543210

Preface

Five years ago, with excitement and uncertainty, we witnessed the birth of PRIMA (Pacific Rim International Workshop on Multi-Agents). The first PRIMA in 1998 has now grown into PRIMA 2003, the 6th Pacific Rim International Workshop on Multi-Agents in Seoul, Korea. During a period of five years, the notion of agent research has grown so much that we hear the term agent on a daily basis. Various fields such as business, the Web, software engineering, on-line games and such are now using the term agent as a placeholder, just like the term object is used in the object-oriented paradigm. On the other hand, the research area has extended toward real applications, such as the Semantic Web and ubiquitous computing. The themes of PRIMA 2003 reflected the following trends: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

agent-based electronic commerce, auctions and markets agent architectures and their applications agent communicatio