Inter-Relationship Between the Inflammation and Heat Shock Protein in Cancer Development: A Possible Target for Diagnosi
Inflammation has been considered an essential, albeit insufficient factor in Tumour induction, progression, and metastasis. The multiple components of both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in The development of various stages of tumorigenes
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Abstract Introduction Inflammation has been considered an essential, albeit insufficient factor in Tumour induction, progression, and metastasis. The multiple components of both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in The development of various stages of tumorigeneses such as tumor angiogenesis, metastatic properties of neoplasms, and tumor tolerance. However, the role of Heat-shock proteins (HSP) found to act as an inflammatory mediator and providing a link for the infectionmediated chronic inflammation and subsequently leading to cancer pathogenesis. Heat-shock proteins (HSP), highly conserved stress protein across, have any different other than its primary chaperone activity, such as autophagy, apoptosis, and immunity. The HSP has found to have strong influence modulating innate and adaptive immunity due to its capability interacting with professional antigenpresenting cells in the immune surveillance mechanism to prevent cancer. This chapter aims at the discussion and exploration of the relationship between inflammation and HSP in infection-induced carcinogenesis by inflammatory mediators non-chaperone activity of HSP as well as its in the cancer diagnosis and the discovering of new therapeutic targets and strategies. Methods The authors have reviewed most of the relevant papers regarding the relationship of HSP and inflammation in cancer development and progression as well as cancer prevention by simulation of a specific antitumor immune response. Results The duality in the HSP activity is well reported, i.e., an immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive activity. These unique immunological attributes of HSP have opened new anticancer regimens HSP-based immunotherapeutic approaches where HSP has been used as an antigen and an adjuvant for specific antitumor immune response. Further HSP based vaccines have been developed for cancer P. Somu · S. Paul (*) Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. A. Asea, P. Kaur (eds.), Heat Shock Proteins, https://doi.org/10.1007/7515_2020_19
P. Somu and S. Paul
prevention. For example, Vitepsin-Gp96-based vaccine that is under phase III clinical trials has shown promising results against melanoma, glioma, and ovarian cancer. Conclusions HSP-based cancer immunotherapy has become one of the therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the more effective HSP based immunotherapeutic strategies can be developed by studying the underlying mechanism of HSPs in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment in eliciting an antitumor immune response. Moreover, HSP based immunotherapy might also be used in combination with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy for sensitizing cancer cells for better therapeutic intervention. However, in the future, it is anticipated that HSP-based immunotherapy remains as a critical focus area in cancer therapeutic with the hope for more d
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