Interventions for Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders in Young People: 10 Key Evidence-Based Approaches to Inform Service Del
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ADOLESCENT/YOUNG ADULT ADDICTION (M HEITZEG, SECTION EDITOR)
Interventions for Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders in Young People: 10 Key Evidence-Based Approaches to Inform Service Delivery Grant I. G. Christie 1
&
Ali Cheetham 2,3 & Dan I. Lubman 2,3
Accepted: 19 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Effective treatment of alcohol and drug disorders in young people is critical to reducing substance-related harm; however, research examining treatment for young people often trails the adult literature. This review identifies 10 evidence-based treatment and service delivery principles that can be applied to treatment settings for young people. Recent Findings Screening and brief intervention is effective across a range of settings. Incorporating peer networks in service delivery can improve treatment engagement and outcomes, and a harm reduction approach may be beneficial. Treatment outcomes are improved by family involvement, while motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapies benefit older adolescents, and contingency management and pharmacotherapy can augment family or individual interventions. Addressing co-occurring mental health problems is essential. eHealth interventions hold promise as a means of complementing existing therapies. Summary There is now an established evidence base to inform treatment in young people, however, gaps in the literature remain. Ongoing challenges include integrating evidence into practice, and providing services that are both effective and welcoming to young people. Keywords Adolescence . Alcohol and drug use disorder . Intervention . Evidence-based treatment . Service delivery
Introduction Experimentation with alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs usually begins in adolescence, with peak use occurring between the ages of 16 and 25 years, and life-long disorder establishing itself during this period [1, 2]. Substance use disorders significantly contribute to the global burden of disease, accounting This article is part of the Topical Collection on Adolescent/Young Adult Addiction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00336-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Grant I. G. Christie [email protected] 1
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
2
Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
3
Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
for 7% of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide in 2016 [3]. With a large proportion of the overall harm from substance use disorders, including death, accidental injury, suicide, mental ill health and physical problems falling on younger people, reducing these disorders has been identified as a global health priority [4]. Few adolescents seek help for substance use problems, with research examining barriers to treatment identifying
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