Investigation of genes associated with petal variations between diploid and autotetraploid in Chinese cabbage ( Brassica
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Investigation of genes associated with petal variations between diploid and autotetraploid in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) by RNA‑seq and sRNA‑seq Fengyan Shi1 · Yiheng Wang2 · Shengnan Huang1 · Shiyao Dong1 · Zhiyong Liu1 · Hui Feng1 Received: 6 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Polyploidy promotes morphological, physiological, and reproductive diversity in plants. The imminent effect of chromosome doubling in plants is the enlargement of organs such as flowers and fruits, which increases the commercial value of crops. Flowering plays a vital role in the growth and development of angiosperms. Here, we prepared an isolated microspore culture of ‘FT’, a doubled haploid (DH) line of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), and obtained diploid and autotetraploid plants with the same genetic background. Compared with diploids, the autotetraploids were characterized by large floral organs, dark petals, delayed flowering, and reduced fertility. The indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels in autotetraploid petals were significantly higher and the abscisic acid (ABA) level was significantly lower than those in the diploid petals. The lutein level in autotetraploid petals was nearly two times higher than that in the diploid petals. A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 14,412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the diploids and autotetraploids, and they were enriched in 117 Gene Ontology terms and 110 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. We detected 231 DEGs related to phytohormone signal transduction and 29 DEGs involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. An miRNA–target mRNA analysis showed that 32 DEGs regulated by 16 DEMs were associated with flowering timing (BraA03000336, BraA09004319, and BraA09000515), petal development (BraA05002408, BraA01004006, BraA09004069, and BraA04000966), flower opening (BraA07000350), and pollen development (BraA01000720, BraA09005727, and BraA01000253). This study provides information to help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic variations induced by autopolyploidy in Chinese cabbage. Keywords Autotetraploid · Chinese cabbage · Petal · Transcriptome · miRNA
Introduction
Fengyan Shi and Yiheng Wang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-020-01713-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hui Feng [email protected] 1
Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe District, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinjing Road 17 km, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
2
Polyploidy plays unique roles in plant evolution and speciation. More than 80% of all angiosperms have undergone whole-genome duplication (WGD) during their evolution (Masterson 1994; Otto et al. 2000). Polyploidy results
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