Killing in a Gray Area between Humanitarian Law and Human Rights How
Armed forces can be confronted with the problem of correctly classifying a targeted group as one that is or is not party to an armed conflict. In particular, this happens in a context of a high level of violence where a non-international armed conflict is
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Herausgegeben von Professor Dr. iur. Dr. phil. Uwe Scheffler, Frankfurt (Oder)
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Jan Ro¨mer
Killing in a Gray Area between Humanitarian Law and Human Rights How Can the National Police of Colombia Overcome the Uncertainty of Which Branch of International Law to Apply?
Jan Ro¨mer Dannenriede 37 29525 Uelzen Germany [email protected]
Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Rechte an der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakulta¨t der Europa-Universita¨t Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) Vorgelegt von: Jan Ro¨mer Erstgutachter: Herr Prof. Dr. Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg Zweitgutachter: Frau PD Dr. Carmen Thiele
The author has been a delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross since 2001. The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the ICRC.
ISSN: 1431-7923 ISBN: 978-3-642-04661-2 e-ISBN: 978-3-642-04662-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04662-9 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009941067 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
In love and gratitude, to my mother and my father
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Acknowlegements
I would like to thank my relatives, friends and colleagues who encouraged me to write this thesis. First and foremost, I would like to mention the various officers of the National Police of Colombia who provided me with the necessary information for the thesis, in addition, the ICRC delegation in Bogota´ for facilitating the contacts with the police, Mrs. Luz Marina Tamayo for our discussions, which helped me define the subject of this thesis, Mr. Nils Melzer and Mr. Robert Frau for various discussions on the content, Mrs. Corey Barber for proofreading, as well as Mr. Sebastian Biere for some logistical support. Last but not least, I would like to thank my advisor (Doktorvater), Prof. Dr. Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg.
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Summary of Contents
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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