Labour in Crisis Clement Attlee and the Labour Party in Opposition,
This is a study of the development of Clement Attlee and the Labour Party from the collapse of the second Labour Government in August 1931, to their entry into Churchill's coalition in May 1940. It is an examination of how Labour, from being driven from o
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Also by John Swift PETER THE GREAT CASSELL’S ATLAS OF THE EARLY MODERN WORLD (co-author)
Labour in Crisis Clement Attlee and the Labour Party in Opposition, 1931–40 John Swift Lecturer St Martin’s College Lancaster
© John Swift 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-80087-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-42078-0 ISBN 978-0-230-59980-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230599802
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Swift, John, 1957– Labour in crisis : Clement Attlee and the Labour Party in opposition, 1931–1940 / by John Swift. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-349-42078-0 1. Attlee, C. R. (Clement Richard), 1883–1967. 2. Great Britain—Politics and government—1910–1936. 3. Great Britain—Politics and government—1936–1945. 4. Labour Party (Great Britain) I. Title. DA585.A8 S85 2001 941.085’4’092—dc21 00–054522 10 10
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Contents Acknowledgements
viii
List of Abbreviations
ix
1
Coming to the Forefront, 1883–1931 Early years Early political career The downfall of the government
1 4 6 14
2
New Concerns: Attlee and the Depression, 1931–5 The policy debate Parliamentary opposition Progress made
17 17 26 37
3
Old Concerns: India and Imperial Affairs, 1931–5 Labour and the empire India Newfoundland Attlee’s developing views
39 39 40 54 55
4
New Problems: Attlee and Defence and Foreign Policy, 1931–5 Labour’s foreign policy in 1931 Disarmament Collective security The rise of Hitler The pacifists The Left The 1935 Defence White Paper Military affairs The Peace Ballot Abyssinia The developments in Labour’s foreign policy
58 58 60 61 66 69 71 72 73 75 76 77
5
From Deputy Leader to Leader, 1931–5 Parliamentary leadership Extra-parliamentary duties Defending the PLP
79 79 82 85
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