Laser-Induced Processes for Functionalization of Materials Surface
Femtosecond laser-induced process, periodic nanostructures formation, for the creation of new functions on a titanium dioxide (TiO2) film is reviewed in this chapter. It has recently been reported that coating a TiO2 film on Ti plates may improve the bioc
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Laser-Induced Processes for Functionalization of Materials Surface Masahiro Tsukamoto
Abstract Femtosecond laser-induced process, periodic nanostructures formation, for the creation of new functions on a titanium dioxide (TiO2) film is reviewed in this chapter. It has recently been reported that coating a TiO2 film on Ti plates may improve the biocompatibility of Ti. The periodic nanostructures have useful effects on the control of cell spreading. The scanning of femtosecond laser at wavelengths of 388 and 775 nm successfully produces periodic nanostructures on TiO2 film through the laser ablation process. The periodicity of nanostructures formed with those wavelengths are calculated using the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) model. The experimental results with those wavelengths were in the ranges of the calculated period, respectively. This suggests that the mechanism for the formation of periodic nanostructures on TiO2 film by femtosecond laser irradiation is due to the excitation of SPPs.
Keywords Femtosecond laser Periodic nanostructures Cell spreading Surface plasmon polariton
15.1
Introduction
15.1.1 Materials Surface for Cell Spreading Titanium (Ti) is an attractive biomaterial because of its excellent chemical resistance and high strength. However, Ti has problems for long-term applications and biofunction [1]; therefore, its biocompatibility must be improved. It has recently been suggested that coating a titanium dioxide (TiO2) film on Ti plates may improve the biocompatibility of Ti [2–4]. A method for coating a TiO2 film on Ti plate using an aerosol beam has been developed [5, 6]. The beam is composed M. Tsukamoto (&) Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 Y. Setsuhara et al. (eds.), Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic Materials, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7611-5_15
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of submicron-sized functional ceramic particles and helium gas. The thickness of the film can be controlled to approximately several micrometers. Controlling the cell spreading on biomaterials is another useful method to improve the biocompatibility of Ti plates [7]. Increasing endothelial cell functions [7], anisotropic morphogenesis of bone tissue [8] and control of differentiation [9] have been achieved for biomaterials by the control of cell spreading. Thus, the control of cell spreading on biomaterials is important for the development of advanced biomaterials. The formation of periodic nanostructures on biomaterials is a useful method for the control of cell spreading [7, 9, 10].
15.1.2 Periodic Nanostructures Formation with Femtosecond Lasers Femtosecond lasers can be used to form periodic nanostructures on metals [11–14], semiconductors [15–24], and inside transparent materials [25, 26]. Periodic nanostructures are self-organized on the laser focal spot. The nanostructure period is dependent on the wavelength of the femtosecond laser. The directions
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