Leadership and Creativity A History of the Cavendish Laboratory,

Historical accounts of successful laboratories often consist primarily of reminiscences by their directors and the eminent people who studied or worked in these laboratories. Such recollections customarily are delivered at the celebration of a milestone i

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Archimedes NEW STUDIES IN THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUMES

EDITOR JED Z. BucHWALD,

Dreyfuss Professor of History, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. ADVISORY BOARD

HENK Bos, University of Utrecht MORDECHAI FEINGOLD, Virginia Polytechnic

Institute University of Colorado at Boulder KoSTAS GAVROGLU, National Technical University ofAthens ANTHONY GRAFI'ON, Princeton University FREDERIC L. HOLMES, Yale University PAUL HOYNINGEN-HUENE, University of Hannover EVELYN Fox KELLER, MIT TREVOR LEVERE, University ofToronto }ESPER LOTzEN, Copenhagen University WILLIAM NEWMAN, Harvard University JDRGEN RENN, Max-Planck-lnstitutfiir Wissenschaftsgeschichte ALEX ROLAND, Duke University ALAN SHAPIRO, University of Minnesota NANCY SIRAISI, Hunter College of the City University of New York NOEL SWERDLOW, University of Chicago ALLAN D. FRANKLIN,

Archimedes has three fundamental goals; to further the integration of the histories of science and technology with one another: to investigate the technical, social and practical histories of specific developments in science and technology; and finally, where possible and desirable, to bring the histories of science and technology into closer contact with the philosophy of science. To these ends, each volume will have its own theme and title and will be planned by one or more members of the Advisory Board in consultation with the editor. Although the volumes have specific themes, the series itself will not be limited to one or even to a few particular areas. Its subjects include any of the sciences, ranging from biology through physics, all aspects of technology, broadly construed, as well as historically-engaged philosophy of science or technology. Taken as a whole, Archimedes will be of interest to historians, philosophers, and scientists, as well as to those in business and industry who seek to understand how science and industry have come to be so strongly linked.

Archimedes Volume 5 New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology

Leadership and Creativity A History of the Cavendish Laboratory, 1871-1919

by

DONG-WON KIM Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, Korea

SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-90-481-5956-7 DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-2055-7

ISBN 978-94-017-2055-7 (eBook)

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

Dedicated to my mentors, Erwin N. Hiebert and Silvan S. Schweber

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

IX

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

XI

INTRODUCTION

XIII

CHAPTER 1. THE BEGINNING OF THE CAVEND