The Social Psychology of Creativity
The ideas presented in this book have been incubating for over 25 years. I was in the first grade, I believe, when the ideas that eventually developed into this social psychology of creativity first began to germinate. The occasion was art class, a weekly
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Springer Series in Social Psychology Advisory Editor: Robert F. Kidd
Attention and Self-Regulation: A Control-Theory Approach to Human Behavior Charles S. Carver/Michael F. Scheier Gender and Nonverbal Behavior Clara MayolNancy M. Henley (Editors) Personality, Roles, and Social Behavior William Ickes/Eric S. Knowles (Editors) Toward Transformation in Social Knowledge Kenneth J. Gergen The Ethics of Social Research: Surveys and Experiments Joan E. Sieber (Editor) The Ethics of Social Research: Fieldwork, Regulation, and Publication Joan E. Sieber (Editor) Anger and Aggression: An Essay on Emotion James R. Averill The Social Psychology of Creativity Teresa M. Amabile Sports Violence Jeffrey H. Goldstein (Editor) Nonverbal Behavior: A Functional Perspective Miles L. Patterson Basic Group Processes Paul B. Paulus (Editor)
SSSP Teresa M. Amabile
The Social Psychology of Creativity
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Springer-Veriag New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo
Teresa M. Amabile Department of Psychology Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts 02254, U.S.A.
Robert F. Kidd, Advisory Editor Department of Psychology Boston University Boston, M[:ssachusetts 02215, U.S.A.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Amabile, Teresa. The social psychology of creativity. (Springer series in social psychology) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Creative ability-Social aspects. I. Title. II. Series. BF408.A47 1983 153.3'5 82-19681 With 12 Figures
© 1983 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, U.S.A. The use of general descriptive names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. This work contains previously copyrighted material reprinted with permission. Some citations will appear on page XV. Typeset by University Graphics, Inc., Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey.
9 8 7 6 54 3 2 1 ISBN -13:978-1-4612-5535-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5533-8
e-ISBN -13 :978-1-4612-5533-8
To my husband, William Dejong and Our daughter, Christene Amabile Dejong
Preface
The ideas presented in this book have been incubating for over 25 years. I was in the first grade, I believe, when the ideas that eventually developed into this social psychology of creativity first began to germinate. The occasion was art class, a weekly Friday afternoon event during which we were given small reproductions of the great masterworks and asked to copy them on notepaper using the standard set of eight Crayola® crayons. I had left kindergarten the year before with encouragement from the teacher about developing my potential for artistic creativity. During these Friday afternoon exercises, however, I developed nothing but frustration. Somehow, Da Vinci's "Adoration of
