Lenalidomide
Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), which is well established and approved in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and 5q-myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The mode of action includes immune modulation, anti-angiogenetic, anti-inflammatory, a
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Abstract
Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), which is well established and approved in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and 5q-myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The mode of action includes immune modulation, anti-angiogenetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. Development of lenalidomide initiated a profound shift in therapeutic approaches especially toward MM. This chapter will discuss the mode of action of lenalidomide as well as its clinical applications. Important clinical phase II and III data of lenalidomide are presented. Currently, lenalidomide is not only investigated in MM and MDS, but also in malignant lymphomas and other entities.
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Introduction.......................................................................................................................... Structure and Mechanism of Action................................................................................... Clinical Data........................................................................................................................ Lenalidomide in Multiple Myeloma................................................................................... Lenalidomide in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma................................................................... Lenalidomide in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma .................................................... Maintenance Treatment with Lenalidomide in Multiple Myeloma After ASCT ............. Lenalidomide in MDS.........................................................................................................
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K. Weisel (&) L. Kanz Department of Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
U. M. Martens (ed.), Small Molecules in Oncology, Recent Results in Cancer Research 201, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54490-3_21, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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9 Lenalidomide in Other Hematological Malignancies ........................................................ 10 Lenalidomide in Solid Tumors ......................................................................................... 11 Conclusions and Future Perspectives ............................................................................... References..................................................................................................................................
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Introduction
Lenalidomide (Revlimid) is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) which was developed as a structural analog of thalidomide, from which it differs by the addition of an amino group and the removal of one of the carbonyl groups from the phthaloyl ring system. Due to these changes, it was possible that lenalidomide minimizes the toxicity known for thalidomide, while optimizing therapeutic efficacy (Cives et al. 2012). Lenalidomide was primarily evaluated in the late 1990s.
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