Leucine supplementation at the onset of high-fat feeding does not prevent weight gain or improve glycemic regulation in
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Leucine supplementation at the onset of high-fat feeding does not prevent weight gain or improve glycemic regulation in male Sprague-Dawley rats Jamie I. Baum & Tyrone A. Washington & Stephanie A. Shouse & Walter Bottje & Sami Dridi & Gina Davis & Dameon Smith
Received: 13 April 2016 / Accepted: 11 August 2016 # University of Navarra 2016
Abstract Obesity is a major public health concern and it is essential to identify effective treatments and preventative strategies to stop continued increases in obesity rates. The potential functional roles of the branched chain amino acid leucine make this amino acid an attractive candidate for the treatment and/or prevention of obesity. The objective of this study was to determine if long-term leucine supplementation could prevent the development of obesity and reduce the risk factors for chronic disease in rats fed a high-fat (60 % fat) diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30 per dietary treatment) were meal-fed (3 meals/day) either a control, low-fat diet (LF), control + leucine (LFL), high-fat (HF), or high-fat + leucine (HFL) for 42 days. On day 42, rats were sacrificed at 0, 30, or 90 min postprandial. Animals fed the HF and HFL diets had higher (P < 0.05) final body weights and weight gain compared to animals fed the LF and LFL diets. Leucine supplementation
increased epididymal fat mass (P < 0.05) and decreased muscle mass (P < 0.05). There was no effect of leucine supplementation on postprandial glucose or insulin response. However, there was a significant effect (P < 0.05) of diet and time on free fatty acid concentrations. There was no effect of leucine on muscle markers of protein synthesis (4E-BP1, p70S6K) or energy metabolism (Akt, AMPK). Leucine supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) PGC1α expression and increased (P < 0.05) PPARγ expression in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, long-term leucine supplementation does not prevent weight gain, improve body composition, or improve glycemic control in rats fed a high-fat diet. Keywords Leucine . Obesity . Body composition . Glycemic response . Amino acids . Skeletal muscle
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13105-016-0516-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. I. Baum (*) : S. A. Shouse : D. Smith Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA e-mail: [email protected] T. A. Washington : G. Davis Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA W. Bottje : S. Dridi Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
The obesity rates in the USA have reached epidemic proportions [28]. Obesity is a major public health concern [34] and is associated with development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, and diabetes [30]. Therefore, it is important to
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